1. 1 Renewable Energy

2. 2 Solar Power by Nadia How it works Solar panels are made of silicon. When light hits the silicon, the elections in it start to move. They flow through the white wires in the solar panel and into a big battery, ready for use as electricity!

3. 3 Pros Cons Pros and Cons of Solar Power Pros Once you’re bought and installed the solar panels, you never have to pay for electricity again! Solar energy is renewable, and since the sun isn’t going anywhere, we’ll always have solar power. You don’t need pumping stations, drilling grids or any other expensive equipment to get solar energy. All you need is solar panels and sunshine. Unlike with fossil fuels, you’ll always know how much it’s going to cost and there will be no unexpected costs. That’s because it will always be free! Cons Solar energy is free, but the actual solar panels are far from free. If you have a long period of dark weather, you have a problem

4. 4 Is there a future in it? I don’t think there is a real future in solar panels as an energy source, because they are really expensive to buy and set up, and they don’t produce a lot of energy.

5. 5 How It Works There are several methods of getting energy from waves. One of them works like a swimming pool wave machine in reverse. At a swimming pool, air is blown in and out of a chamber beside the pool, which makes the water outside bob up and down, causing waves. At a wave power station, the waves arriving cause the water in the chamber to rise and fall, which means that air is forced in and out of the hole in the top of the chamber. By Courtney

6. 6 A company called Pelamis Wave Power are developing a method of offshore wave energy collection, using a floating tube called "Pelamis". This long, hinged tube (about the size of 5 railway carriages) bobs up and down in the waves, as the hinges bend they pump hydraulic fluid which drives generators. The Good and Bad Points The energy is free; no fuel needed, no waste produced. Not expensive to operate and maintain. Can produce a great deal of energy. Depends on the waves; sometimes you'll get loads of energy, sometimes almost nothing. Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong. Some designs are noisy. But then again, so are waves, so any noise is unlikely to be a problem. Must be able to withstand very rough weather. By Courtney

7. 7 The future of wave power While not many fully operational schemes are working, there is a lot of research going on and some trials on different designs are on-going. The future of wave power looks very good. By Courtney With a little bit of help!

8. 8 SOLAR POWER - HOW IS WORKS Solar power is nothing but the sunlight that shines on the Earth's surface. It has been estimated that one hour of solar power on the earth can meet the energy demand of the world for one year. As already seen solar energy is the utilization of solar power in energy source. To understand how solar energy works, first we should know how solar energy is produced. Solar energy is produced out of solar radiation, the Sunlight. The sunlight on reaching the upper portion of the earth's atmosphere passes through many layers inside that. When finally it reaches the earth's surface, it is in the form visible and infrared radiation. It is here that the radiation is used as chemical energy by the plants in the form of photosynthesis. Human beings use that in the form of heat energy Another advantage in solar energy is its convertibility into other forms of energy like electrical energy or light energy. The process of making electricity out of solar energy is called photovoltaic. Your solar-powered watch or calculator uses this method for working. Solar cells are being used for this. Apart from the calculators and LCDs, they are being used in satellites and spacecraft's. By Harvey

9. 9 THE GOOD AND BAD POINTS Bad point Cost $15,000 and $40,000, The bad points are it takes a lot of non-renewal energy to manufacture them. They are not inexpensive Maintenance Because solar power is relatively new, maintenance of your panels can also be a problem. Outside of basic solar panel maintenance, repair of your panels must be performed by a certified photovoltaic energy technician. Finding such a technician and paying for a service call can be costly it takes a lot of non-renewal energy to manufacture them. They are not inexpensive Surroundings Solar panels also are affected by the surrounding environment. For example, trees and other homes or businesses can block the sunlight Good point If you live in a hot contrary you will have no bill and make so much money Save money By Harvey

10. 10 IS THERE A FUTURE FOR SOLAR POWER The future of solar power depends in large part on its cost. Critics of renewable energy complain in large part that coal and other fossil fuels are much cheaper. In fact, some utilities even claim that they cannot, in good conscience, raise rates for their customers in order to use solar power because they have a duty to provide the least expensive energy. By Harvey

11. 11 Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectricity is generated by falling water. It’s a very clean and reliable way to produce electricity and doesn’t cost very much. Hydroelectric power plants have a massive dam that blocks a MASSIVE flow of water. Tons and tons of water is stored behind the dam in a vast area. At the bottom of the dam is a little closed gap called the intake. When opened, gravity pulls the water down and through the intake and then along a big tube called a penstock. Then, the water hits some giant turbine propellers and makes them turn. As these propellers turn, it also makes the generator turn which generates electricity! By Guilhem By Harvey

12. 12 Pros and Cons… Although hydroelectric power plants don’t cause pollution, they use up a lot space and destroy a lot of wildlife due to flooding which also causes a loss of land. They also affect fish population. Hydroelectricity is the cheapest form electricity in the USA. They can be used for flood control, water supplies and irrigation. Plus, they can be made absolutely anywhere in the world if there is falling water around. It is the primary source of power in 30 countries and produce 1/5 of the world’s electricity. It’s so clean as it doesn’t use up ANY fossil fuels. By Guilhem

13. 13 Future Hydroelectric power at the moment is large scale. The dams are huge and very expensive to build. They also destroy a lot of land around and affect wildlife. So in the future people are planning to build dams are a bit smaller and that will only power the area around them. There will be a bit more dams but on a smaller scale. It will be cheaper and more effective. And damage less of the environment. Also, due to climate change, water flows are little smaller and weaker. So a smaller dam will be perfect. By Guilhem

14. 14 Micro hydro power by Maya Micro hydro is a type of hydroelectric power that produces up to 100 kW of electricity using the flow of water. It can provide power to an isolated home or small community. They are sometimes connected to electric power networks. There are many of these installations around the world, particularly in developing nations, e.g. Kenya. They can provide an economical source of energy without the using of fuel. Micro hydro systems complement photoactive solar energy systems because in many areas, water flow, and available hydro power, is highest in the winter when solar energy is very little. Micro hydro is frequently accomplished with a peloton wheel for high head, low flow water supply. The installation is often just a small dammed pool, at the top of a waterfall, with several hundred feet of pipe leading to a small generator housing.

15. “Wind” By Lauryn Slide 1: How the wind turbine works Slide 2: Pros and cons Slide 3: Is there a future for the wind turbine?

16. How the wind turbine works! Wind power technology has been around for quite a long time. When the wind turns the blades of a wind turbine, the turbines spin and electricity is created. The bigger the wind turbine, the more electricity is produced. A wind turbine works the opposite way of a fan. A turbine uses wind to make electricity. In a wind turbine, the wind blows the blades round, which spins a shaft and that connects to a generator and makes electricity and is sent through transmission and distribution lines to a substations then onto buildings. A diagram of a wind turbine

17. Pros And Cons ! Pros: The Wind is free. It does not generate pollution or radioactive waste. It is all renewable energy (can be used again). It can create energy for a large amount of people. The wind energy will last until the end of the sun (around about 5 billion years away from now). When the electrical grid is out, wind power can still provide energy. Cons: The wind speed varies all the time. Wildlife can be endangered (especially birds). Lightening can cause damage to the turbine. It doesn't look pretty. Can only be stored with a battery. Possible noise pollution

18. Is there a future for the wind turbine ? Yes, I do think there will be a future for the wind turbines because the wind is free, we might as well use it, it is also renewable and won't endanger the planet with harsh chemicals. It will also help people to save money in economic crisis/problems. By Lauryn This is a wind turbine that I can see out of my window.

19. 19 Tidal Power Morwenna Morgan Year 8 Jaguars

20. 20 How does it work? Harnessing tidal energy in Britain could lead to 20% of the energy needs. Turning it into electric power is not easy though. Tidal energy forms when tides comes into the shore. They can be trapped in reservoirs behind dams. When the tide drops, the water behind the dam can be let out. You will need large increases in tides for this to work well. An increase of at least 16 feet between low tide to high tide is needed. There are only a few places where this tide change occurs around the earth. Some power plants are already operating using this idea. One plant in France makes enough energy from tides to power 240,000 homes! There are other ways to form electricity using the sea but that is wave or ocean thermal energy which is not tidal.

21. 21 Good Points.Bad Points. There are no Greenhouse Gases – so not too bad for the environment. Dams can’t be built on saltwater environments because the dams could corrode and would be a waste of money. Tidal Power is Free once everything is set up as the tides are natural. Lots of money is needed to set up a tidal power plant. Electricity is reliable – you will get two proper bursts of electricity a day. Needs to be a very high tide to have any electricity forming. The electricity produced is cheap.Maintenance of the plant is high and costs a lot of money. There will be no shortage of electricity produced as their is plenty of water on the earths surface.

22. 22 Is there a future for it? The largest Tidal Power station in the world (and only one in Europe) is in Rance Estuary in Northern France. It was built in 1966. Tidal Power costs a lot of money – a new one would cost an average of £15 billion to build. I like the Idea of the tidal power because – where I live – In Porthmadog the tide comes in and out twice daily and it seems to be an ideal way to make money, especially as the tide is quite strong! – that is my opinion. I have checked the tide tables for Porthmadog and on a highest tide the tide is over 16 foot but that’s only a couple of times a month.

23. Geothermal energy is produced when the earth crust is thin causing it to leak heat from the core making it quite a bit warmer, sometimes this is harnessed into greenhouses and also this sometimes can be under lakes like one in Havis in Hungary it is captured in 3 ways depending on depth and what quality the steam and water is these are Flash, dry steam and binary What is Geothermal energy? by Warren

24. The good points and the bad! The good things about this is that it is reliable and efficient and wont die until the world does! Also it can sometimes be good for you as water on this gas creates sulphur (smelly but good for your skin) And also good for the environment! The bad is that it is not transportable and if you want to heat your green house your going to have to be on the area it is or very near it!

25. The future of geothermal energy Tapping geothermal energy is a sustainable and relatively cheap solution to the demand of fossil fuels and the global warming and health risks that are associated with the use, and so where there are sources of hot rocks this is likely to be exploited more and more. (LM)

26. Solar Power - How they work by Will Well, Solar Panels are made up of silicon which is also found in sand. When the sunlight hits the solar panel, the Electrons and silicon starts moving around and generates electricity which can then be used for lights, tv's and game consoles. If you manage to get one big enough maybe you could use it to power your whole house, of course this would be a lot easier in a very very very hot country with plenty of sunlight.

27. Good points and bad points Of course, the biggest bad points would be it needs sunlight and costs a lot to put in place. The major good points are that it generates electricity for free and can be very efficient in the right environment. It also saves a lot of fossil fuels and can save a lot of money, easily paying for the cost to put it up in the first place.

28. But is there a future for it? This really depends on if more people will actually start buying them, of course more efficient ways of generating electricity will come in the future, it all depends on if the people buy it because of course the technology is there, just very expensive with little support on the scale of things. Overall there is a future for it but it could be very easily wiped out without the backing of it or if a better solution comes along and people start using that, which there are already alternatives.

29. 29 Biodiesel Using Agricultural Crops Biodiesel has just started being used more to fuel cars. It is better than diesel because it is renewable and biodegradable. and can be made of vegetable oil, greases, animal fat...etc. It is usually made from soybean oil. Biodiesel does use petroleum diesel but only in ratios of 2%. It can be used in normal diesel cars and works just as well as petroleum diesel. By Kat

30. 30 Good PointsBad Points Biodiesel is nontoxic, biodegradable and renewable. It’s possible to make your own, therefore it is cheaper. Normal diesel produces 80% more greenhouse gases than biodiesel. We will be using more land to grow the plants that are needed to produce the oil. Biodiesel won’t work very well in low temperature environments and may cause system blockages. By Kat

31. 31 Is there a future for it? There is definitely a future for biodiesel seeing as traditional diesel prices are rocketing. Biodiesel is becoming more and more popular because it is eco-friendly, cheap and renewable. Even though biodiesel seems like a new discovery, diesel engines were running on vegetable oil until the 1920’s. By Kat

32. 32 What are fuel cells? A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through chemical reaction. The difference between a fuel cell and a battery is that a fuel cell needs a constant source of fuel and oxygen, when supplied they can produce electricity continually. A welsh physicist called William Grove developed the first crude cell in the year 1839. The 1 st time that they put fuel cells to use was in NASA space programs to generate power for probes, satellites and space capsules. Since then, fuel cells have been used in many other applications. Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial, industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas. They are used to power fuel cell veihcles, including automobiles, buses, forklifts, airplanes, boats, motorcycles and submarines. By Ali

33. 33 There are many types of fuel cells, and all of them consist of a negative side (an anode) and a positive side (a cathode) and a electrolyte that allows charges to move between the two sides of the fuel cell. Electrons are drawn from the positive side(cathode) to the negative side (anode) and an electrolyte that allows charges to move between the two sides of the fuel cell. Electrons are drawn from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, producing direct current electricity. By Ali

34. 34 Good things and bad things about fuel cells. Good 1.fuel cells could save 20-40% on energy costs when used in cogeneration systems. 2.Fuel cells are also much cleaner than traditional power generation 3.a fuel cell power plant using natural gas as a hydrogen source would create less than one ounce of pollution Bad 1.NONE LM: Excellent except for the disadvantages - if you need to carry hydrogen then you have a transportation problem as it is bulky. Also because hydrogen has the smallest atom size, individual molecules can wriggle their way out of almost anything, potentially even a steel container! So the downside is that they have not solved all the problems yet! By Ali

35. 35 How it Works? Solar water heaters apply the heat of the sun directly, not by converting it to electricity. A solar collector is placed in the direction where it will catch the most sun during the day. The liquid is either driven by convection or pumped from the collector and back to the water tank in a loop of piping, transferring heat from the solar collector to the liquid and then into the water stored in the tank. The tank is insulated to retain heat through periods where the collector is less effective or ineffective, such as night time or overcast days. By Ben

36. 36 These are some of the good and bad points. Good points Bad points They work more efficiently with the unlimited solar energy of sunlight (free natural resources). The high initial cost for the installation will be returned (with the low maintenance costs and low or even can be said free energy bill) after around four to six years. To guarantee your money, they always come with the warranties large! The other advantage is, you will find some financial incentives, especially if you live in Canada, USA, and some European countries. This is so helpful for some homeowners who want to use and install solar technology but have limited budget. Like mentioned frequently before, the initial investment costs of them are more expensive than which required by regular gas, oil, or even electric water heating systems. The performance is closely influenced by the sunlight resources, and this will get worse if you choose and use the wrong climate system. Except for indoor component, the outdoor units that get the direct sunlight or other extreme weather are required more maintenance and should be checked periodically. Check also the pipes periodically and make ensure these pipes are free from freeze, especially during winter months. By Ben

37. 37 Is there a future for it? The systems are only effective in areas that enjoy a lot of steady sunlight. However, for those who live in a sunny place, a solar water heater might be an economical choice. So for countries with little sun this will probably not be the energy of the future By Ben LM: Until about 4 years ago, solar electricity was thought not be worth it in the UK but solar water heating was. For people using wood-fired heating in winter, solar water heating can be efficient enough in summer to reduce need for electric emersion heaters..

38. 38 Biomass Boilers Biomass Boilers work by burning renewable fuels. They burn pellets, wood chips, logs and corn. It works like burning fossil fuels, but these materials are better for the environment when they are burnt. Most modern biomass boilers are controlled electronically and the biomass fuel is fed through to a firebox and is ignited. This is all done automatically. When the fuel is being fed through, water in the boiler is heated and sent around the heating system. By Megan

39. 39 Good and Bad Points of Biomass Boilers By Megan

40. 40 Future for Biomass Boilers There is a future for biomass boilers, because they are carbon neutral so they aren’t damaging to the environment. They can also be used anywhere, including hospitals and households. By Megan