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PublishDiane Carpenter Modified over 8 years ago
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Imperialism: Introduction R. Scott Peoples Fairview HS, Boulder, CO
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Europeans (inc. Americans) saw other nations as “backward”; felt they were superior in terms of… – Material standards food, housing, sanitation, transport, communication – Values science over superstition; secular Christian morality over “heathenism”; banning of polygamy, infanticide; prohibitions on torture, caste systems, slavery Evidence – falling death rate, declining infant mortality, rising life expectancy, improving literacy, higher labor productivity – Science & Letters often upheld these viewpoints Theory of Evolution Social Darwinism Romantic Exoticism Exploitative trade relations The “Civilized” World
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Imperialism The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation Palmer: “The government of one people by another” National Pride Racism/Social Darwinism Economic Competition Missionary Zeal
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Social Darwinism "Society advances where its fittest members are allowed to assert their fitness with the least hindrance.“ - Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) "The only fundamental and possible socialism is the socialization of the selective breeding of Man: in other terms, of human evolution. We must eliminate the Yahoo or his vote will wreck the commonwealth. -George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) "We, the Anglo-Saxons are the first race in the world and the more of the world we inherit, the better it is for humanity.“ -Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)
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Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul. Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism
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Some Reasons for Imperialism’s Success Communication & Transportation – Telegraph, steamships, railroads Advanced Technology – Maxim Gun Medical Science – quinine Disparate cultures & languages – “treaties” often mistranslated, misrepresented Relatively low level of technology – Leaders at mercy of colonizers to get better arms Various types of strife among local leaders
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Imperialism Tech Quinine – antimalarial drugMaxim and his gun Engineering & railroads Steamships
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Example: Progression of advancements in naval technology in the 19 th c. Trafalgar, 1805 Tsushima, 1905
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HMS Victory, 1765 (Nelson’s flagship at Trafalgar, 1805) HMS Warrior, 1861 (first iron hull) HMS Sepoy, 1856 (screw driven) HMS Vulture, 1843 (paddle steamer) HMS Shannon, 1873 (first armored cruiser; operates far from bases) HMS Conqueror, 1886 (armed w/ steel ram)
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HMS Daring, Destroyer, 1893 (to destroy Torpedo Boats) HMS Holland I, Britain’s first submarine, 1901 Falke-type Torpedo Boat, 1887 (small, fast, cheap) Protected Cruiser Esmeralda (Chile, 1884); Izumi (Japan, 1894) (armored decks; no side armor)
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HMS Dreadnought, 1906
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