1. HUSH Civil War

2. Civil War Basics 1861-1865 Confederate States of America v. United States of America SC was the 1 st state to succeed

3. Importance of the Election of 1860 Showed the sectional division of the US SC feared the south had lost its influence and seceded Dec 20, 1860 MS, AL, GA, LA, TX followed over the next month Lincoln refused to recognize the secession of the states Confederate States of American (CSA) created in Montgomery, AL Feb, 4, 1861 CSA wants to revive US Articles of Confederation, each state is absolutely sovereign Jefferson Davis is chosen President

4. 4 “ I hope to have God on my side but I have to have Kentucky” -- Abraham Lincoln Why were border states important?

5. So who had the advantage? AdvantagesNorthSouth Population21.5 Million9 Million Railroad21,700 Miles9,000 Miles Factories110,10020,600 Number of Soldiers2,100,0001,064,000 Military Leaders5/8 Union Generals graduated from West Point 6/6 Confederate Generals graduated from West Point Location of BattlesVisitorHome Field Advantage The CSA only needed to defend their land. The US was on the offensive!

6. Union Leaders NameWest Point Graduate Class RankMilitary Experience Nathaniel P. BanksNoN/ANone Don Carlos BuellYes32Mexican War Ambrose B. Burnside Yes18Mexican War Benjamin f. ButlerNoN/ANone Samuel R. CurtisYes27Mexican War John C. FremontNoN/ANone Ulysses S. GrantYes21Mexican War George B. McClellan Yes2Mexican War Irvin McDowellYes23Mexican War John PopeYes17Mexican War

7. Confederate Leaders NameWest Point Graduate Class RankMilitary Experience P.G.T. BeauregardYes2Mexican War Braxton BraggYes5Second Seminole War, Mexican War Thomas J. JacksonYes17Mexican War Albert S. JohnstonYes8Black Hawk War, Texas War for Independence, Mexican War Robert E. LeeYes2Mexican War John B. MagruderYes15Second Seminole War, Mexican War Earl C. PembertonYes27Mexican War Leonidas K. PolkYes8None

8. Fort Sumter

9. Fort Sumter Fort Sumter April 12-14, 1861 1 st battle of the Civil War Union takes over Federal fort in Confederate territory. Confederates were determined to take back fort. Fort Sumter surrendered 34 hours later. Following battle VA, AR, NC, TN seceded http://video.pbs.org/video/1832507650/ UnionConfederacy LostWon 1 causality0 causality Maj. Robert AndersonBrig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard FIRST BATTLE IN THE CIVIL WAR LINCOLN RESPONDS WITH FORCE

11. Anaconda Plan

12. 3 part plan to attempt to choke the CSA to death 1. Naval blockage of Southern ports, starve their supplies 2. Capture the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half, cutting out Texas and southwestern territory 3. Capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA

13. Antietam

14. Battle of Antietam, MD (Sharpsburg) Battle of Antietam, MD (Sharpsburg) September 16-18, 1862 Deadliest 1 day battle in American history, with over 26,000 casualties. Neither side won a victory, but Lee retreats The significance of the Battle of Antietam was that Lee’s failure to win it encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The significance of the Battle of Antietam was that Lee’s failure to win it encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. UnionConfederacy VictoryRetreat Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan Gen. Robert E. Lee 12,400 casualties10,300 casualties Emancipation Proclamation

15. Battle of Antietam September 1862 Did you know? During the Battle of Antietam 12,401 Union men were killed, missing or wounded; double the casualties of D-Day, 82 years later. With a total of 23,000 casualties on both sides, it was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.

16. Abraham Lincoln at Antietam

17. Emancipation Proclamation

18. Emancipation Proclamation Document Questions: 1. How did the emotional effect of the proclamation differ from its actual effects? 2. How did the emancipation proclamation benefit the union war effort? 3. Who was freed by the proclamation? 4. Who was not freed by the proclamation? 5. What does the proclamation promise to those freed? Slaves free in the areas of rebellion!

19. Vicksburg

20. BBBB aaaa tttt tttt llll eeee o o o o ffff V V V V iiii cccc kkkk ssss bbbb uuuu rrrr gggg May-July 1863––Grant laid siege to Vicksburg, MS, b/c the army that controlled its high ground over a bend in the Mississippi River would control traffic on the whole river. Starved the people into surrender (siege) Grant achieved one of the Union’s major strategic goals: He gained control of the Miss. River. Confederate troops and supplies in AK, LA, and TX were cut off from the Confederacy. Turning point for the Western theater (Union controls the river) Grant gets control over entire Union army. UnionConfederacy Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. GrantLt. Gen. John C. Pemberton 10,142 casualties9,901 casualties WonLost Anaconda Plan! Turning Point in the South/West

21. Battle of Vicksburg – July 1863 Gen. Albert JohnsonGen. Ulysses S. Grant Did you know? On July 4, 1863, after 48 days of siege, Confederate General John C. Pemberton surrendered the city of Vicksburg to the Union’s General, Ulysses S. Grant. The Fourth of July was not be celebrated in Vicksburg for another 81 years.

22. Gettysburg

24. July 1863 Lee marched north to PA, where he was met by Union troops at Gettysburg. In a 3-day battle, as many as 51,000 were killed. Deadliest battle of the American Civil War. Lee failed to show GB & FR they should assist the Confederacy, gave up attempts to invade the Union. TURNING POINT OF THE CIVIL WAR Four months later, Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery. UnionConfederacy Maj. Gen. George G. Meade Gen. Robert E. Lee WonLost 23,000 casualties28,000 casualties Turning Point for the North…boosts morale  Gettysburg Address

25. Gettysburg Address

26. “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…That from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” - Abe Lincoln One Score = 20 Four Score = ? + 7 = 87 1863 – 87 = ?

27. Gettysburg Address Lincoln shaped popular opinion in favor of preserving the Union. The occasion was the dedication of a military cemetery at the Gettysburg battlefield 4 months after the deadly battle “Four score and seven years ago.” He spoke for just two minutes in what is now considered one of the greatest speeches. His address helped raise the spirits of northerners. He convinced the people that the United States was one indivisible nation. (UNITY!)

28. Second Inaugural Address

29. “With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”

30. Battle of ATL

31. The Battle of Atlanta - The March to the Sea July-September 1864––Union Gen. William T. Sherman surrounded Atlanta, Georgia, for six weeks before capturing the city Union wants to shut down rail system Sherman burned Atlanta to the ground, and then marched to the Atlantic Ocean, destroying the railways, roads, and bridges along their path. Sign for a Northern victory Lincoln easily won reelection against a candidate who wanted a truce with the Confederacy. Savannah fell to the Union on Dec. 22,Why not burn it? 1864

32. Sherman’s March “I only regarded the march from Atlanta to Savannah as a shift of base, as the transfer of a strong army...from the interior to a point on the sea coast, from which it could achieve other important results. I considered this march as a means to an end, and not as an essential act of war. Still, then and now, the march was regarded as something extraordinary...; whereas, in fact, I simply moved from Atlanta to Savannah, as one step in the direction of Richmond.”

33. Impact on Civilians “Gen. Sherman told Mr. Cuyler that he did not intend to leave so much as a blade of grass in South-West Georgia, and Dr. Janes told sister that he (Sherman) said he would be obliged to send a formidable raid here in order to satisfy the clamors of his army, though he himself, the fiend Sherman, dreaded it on account of the horrors that would be committed. What Sherman dreads must indeed be fearful. They say his soldiers have sworn that they will spare neither man, woman nor child in all South-West Georgia. It is only a question of time, I suppose, when all this will be done. It begins to look as if the Yankees can do whatever they please and go wherever they wish—except to heaven; I do fervently pray the good Lord will give us rest from them there.”

34. Appomattox Court House

35. LLLL eeee eeee S S S S uuuu rrrr rrrr eeee nnnn dddd eeee rrrr ssss Lee’s Confederate troops Starving and clothes were rags Trapped Forced to surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 Grant’s Union troops Well-fed and well supplied Surrounded the Confederate soldiers THE WAR WAS OVER! Did you know? On May 13, 1865, a month after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, Private John J. Williams of the 34th Indiana became the last man killed in the Civil War, in a battle at Palmito Ranch, Texas. The final skirmish was a Confederate victory.

36. Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.

37. EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR Preservation of the Union Abolition of slavery Increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rights U.S. now an industrial nation A stronger sense of nationalism West the lands increasingly opened to settlement  Railroads! South was economically and physically devastated, with the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...

38. Profiles Leaders of the Civil War

39. 39 Abraham Lincoln Little political experience (served 1 term in the House of Representatives) President during the war Main goal as president: Preserve the UNION Five days after the South surrenders, Lincoln was assassinated. “A House divided against itself cannot stand” – -- A. Lincoln "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.“ – Inaugural Address, 1861

40. A War President Draft Martial Law Suspension of Habeas Corpus Article One, Section 9, clause 2, which demands that "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it." With Congress not in session until July 1861, Lincoln assumed all powers not delegated in the Constitution, including the power to suspend habeas corpus. Basically, habeas corpus represents the legal right that a person in a free society has to not be whisked from his or her home without reason or cause and to not be detained or punished by the authorities without getting a fair hearing in court and a chance of self-defense.

41. Ulysses S. Grant

42. Leader of the Union forces later in the war Fought predominately in the Western Theater, will end the war in the Eastern Theater Reputation for boldness, resourcefulness, & persistence Will become the 18 th President “When the Confederate commander asked for terms, Grant replied, "No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted." The Confederates surrendered, and President Lincoln promoted Grant to major general of volunteers.” “When in doubt, fight” ---U.S. Grant

43. William T. Sherman

44. William Tecumseh Sherman Served under Grant Used "total war," commanded the Union armies of the West in the decisive drive from Chattanooga to Atlanta and the famous "march to the sea" across Georgia. Sherman's troops carried the war to the Southern home front and blazed a wide path of destruction that delivered the death blow to the Confederacy's will and ability to fight. recognized as a great strategist, a forceful leader, and--together with Ulysses Grant --the ablest Union general of the war.

45. Jefferson Davis

46. West Point graduate Colonel in Mexican- American war Secretary of War Senator from Mississippi President of the C.S.A. “All we ask is to be left alone” -- J. Davis With the formation of the Confederacy, he hoped for a high military position, and when news arrived of his selection as provisional President, his wife described him as "so grieved that I feared some evil had befallen our family." Davis, nevertheless, accepted the position, and on February 18, 1861 was inaugurated President.

47. Robert E. Lee

48. West Point Graduate Father was a Revolutionary War hero Mexican American War veteran Put down John Brown’s Harper’s Ferry Raid Offered command of Union armies – denies – Will stay with VA Will try to invade the North – believes this is the only way to win – failure twice “It is a good thing war is so terrible; else we should grow too fond of it” -- R.E. Lee

49. Stonewall Jackson

50. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson War hero and one of the South's most successful generals graduated from West Point fought in the Mexican War reputation for fearlessness and tenacity during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign later that same year. served under General Robert E. Lee for much of the Civil War. Jackson was a decisive factor in many significant battles until his wounding by friendly fire at the age of 39 during the Battle of Chancellorsville