1. Body Plans 008a

2. The Animal Kingdom Though there is great diversity in the animal kingdom, animals can be distinguished from the other kingdoms by a set of characteristics. Though other types of life may share some of these characteristics, the set of characteristics as a whole provide a distinction from the other kingdoms.kingdoms

3. 1.Animals are multicellular. 2.Animals are heterotrophic, obtaining their energy by consuming energy-releasing food substances. 3.Animals typically reproduce sexually. 4.Animals are made up of cells that do not have cell walls. 5.Animals are capable of motion in some stage of their lives. 6.Animals are able to respond quickly to external stimuli as a result of nerve cells, muscle or contractile tissue, or both.

4. Animal Body Plans

5. Criteria for Evolutionary Development & Classification Cellular organization Symmetry Coelom Digestive system Segmentation Cephalization

6. Kingdom Animalia Symmetry Unorganized Radial Bilateral Cellular organization Tissues, organs, systems

7. Coelom Body cavity or not Digestive system None, 1 or 2 openings, how Kingdom Animalia coelom digestive tube

8. Segmentation Repetition of body parts Cephalization Development of a “head end” Kingdom Animalia

9. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Ancestral Protist segmentation true tissue radial symmetry bilateral symmetry Deuterostomes: eucoelom Protostome: schizocoelem pseudo coelom Porifera Cnideria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Echinodermata Chordata Arthropoda no true tissues acoelom

10. Early Embryonic Development of an Animal

11. Major Stages of Animal Development gametogenesis fertilization cleavage blastula gastrulation differentiation and morphogenesis

12. Hypothetical Scheme for the Origin of Multicellularity in Animals

13. Protostome vs Deuterostome Protostome: blastopore becomes mouth Deuterostome: blastopore becomes anus Blastula Blastopore

14. What is a Phylum?

15. Some Examples of Animal Phyla Phylum Cnidaria –sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids Phylum Mollusca –snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids Phylum Arthropoda –spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes Phylum Echinodermata –sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies Phylum Chordata –sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals Phylum Cnidaria –sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids Phylum Mollusca –snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids Phylum Arthropoda –spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes Phylum Echinodermata –sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies Phylum Chordata –sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals

16. Major Body Plan Characteristics of Animals Symmetry Primary Germ Layers Gut Organization Body Cavity Segmentation Skeletal Systems Circulatory Systems Appendages Coloniality

17. Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

18. Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

19. Radial Symmetry Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria

20. Pentamerous Radial Symmetry Sea Stars Phylum Echinodermata

21. Bilateral Symmetry Slug Phylum Mollusca

22. Bilateral Symmetry Squid Phylum Mollusca

23. Primary Germ Layers None Diploblastic Triploblast None Diploblastic Triploblast Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm gut

24. Fates of the Primary Germ Layers Ectoderm –hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves Mesoderm –notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle Endoderm –internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas

25. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

27. Germ Layer Patterns Ectoderm Endoderm gut Diploblastic

28. Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria

29. Germ Layer Patterns acoelomate Triploblastic: 3 germ layers Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm gut

30. No Gut Blind Sac Gut Complete Gut Gut Organization

31. No Gut Sponges Phylum Porifera

32. No Gut Sponges Phylum Porifera

33. Blind Sac Gut Phylum Cnidaria

34. Complete Gut

35. Segmentation

36. Centipede Phylum Arthropoda

37. Segmentation Lobster Phylum Arthropoda

38. Skeleton

39. Functions of the Skeleton supports basic body form protection of soft internal tissues and organs facilitates locomotion

40. Skeleton Hydrostatic Skeletons Hard Skeletons –Exoskeletons –Endoskeletons

41. Hydrostatic Skeleton Sea Anemone Phylum Cnidaria

42. Hydrostatic Skeleton: A non compressible fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment. Uses antagonistic muscles for movement. The gastrovascular cavity of the jellyfish acts as hydrostatic skeleton against which contractile cells can work.

43. Hydrostatic Skeleton Earthworm Phylum Annelida

44. Exoskeleton Chiton Phylum Mollusca

45. Exoskeleton Stony Coral Phylum Cnidaria

46. Endoskeletons Vertebrates Phylum Chordata Vertebrates Phylum Chordata

47. Types of Appendages

48. Functions of Appendages locomotion feeding sensory protection

49. Tentacles Sea Anemone Phylum Cnidaria

50. Jointed Appendages Bee Appendages Phylum Arthropoda Bee Appendages Phylum Arthropoda

51. Circulatory Systems

52. Functions of Circulatory Systems transport of nutrients and metabolic wastes maintains water and solute balance defense against pathogens

53. Circulatory System None (simple diffusion) Body Cavity Circulation Closed Circulatory System Open Circulatory System

54. No Circulatory System Comb Jelly Phylum Ctenophora

55. Circulation in a Moon Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria

56. Closed Versus Open Circulatory Systems

57. Nervous Systems

58. Functions of Nervous systems integration of animal behavior processing and interpretation of sensory information elicits external and internal responses

59. Types of Nervous Systems

60. Coloniality

61. Coral Phylum Cnidaria

62. Coloniality Sea Fan Phylum Cnidaria

63. Coloniality Man-of-War Phylum Cnidaria

64. Polymorphism in the Portuguese Man- of-War