1. The midterm is next Tuesday in Class Reading for section this Friday: William Roper’s “Life of Sir Thomas More” in Two Early Tudor Lives, pp. vii-xxi and 197-254 -What is Roper’s relationship to More? How does he portray More? Can we trust Roper? -How does Roper describe More’s childhood, his education, and his relationship with his family? -Why doesn’t More want to enter the king’s service? Why does he finally leave the king’s service? -What causes the breakdown in More’s relationship with Henry VIII? What charges are brought against More? -How does Roper portray More’s final confrontation with the king and his execution?

2. The Structures of Power Battle of Bosworth August 22, 1485 Henry VII (r. 1485-1509) Catherine of Valois m. Owen Tudor (Henry Tudor’s grandfather)

3. Lady Margaret Beaufort (Henry Tudor’s mother) - great-great- granddaughter of Edward III

4. The king -ordinary powers -extraordinary powers John Fortesque -dominium politicum et regale Great Council -leading nobles and clergy Privy Council -runs government Charles I with the Tudor imperial crown

5. Common law Court of Star Chamber (tries the very powerful) Westminster Hall -Court of King’s Bench (criminal cases) -Court of Common Pleas (civil cases) -Chancery (court of equity) Commission -Courts of Assize (royal justices on circuits) -Commissions of the Peace (local gentry in each county) -quarter session Henry VII sitting in the Star Chamber

6. Parliament -King -House of Lords (great nobles and clergy) -House of Commons (2 knights from every shire and 2 burgesses from every town) Purposes: legislation and taxation Exchequer Chamber Reconstruction of the Palace of Westminster as it looked during the reign of Henry VIII

7. Political nation: king, govt officials, and social elites Nobility: rule provinces and provide military aid -Percy, Northumberland Affinity (retainers) Livery (distinctive clothing) Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) -earl of Shrewsbury Yeomen of the Guard wearing royal livery

8. Four Strategies: propaganda, patronage, consultation, and coercion Propaganda: Polydore Vergil -Anglica Historia Edward Hall -The Illustrious Union of the Houses of Lancaster and York Public processions Royal progresses Royal Entries Tomb of Henry VII, Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey

9. Patronage (good lordship): - Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber Consultation - Informal Access - Parliament Henry VIII, Hans Holbein

10. Coercion (heavy lordship): -Acts of Attainder -Lambert Simnel -recognisance -surety -laws of treason -earl of Warwick (1499) -Perkin Warbeck -Edward Stafford (1521) This is your reign with Henry VIII 1616 engraving of Old London Bridge (note the heads on spikes over the gatehouse in the right foreground)