1. Distinguish between front nasal finals & back nasal finals Practice nasal finals in syllables with tones

2. Starts from the first, leading vowel, make natural transition to the nasal finals, gradually increasing the nasal nature of the voice.

3.  The mouth is slightly open. ‘–n’ is like the /n/ sound in the English word ‘can’. It should sound short and light. Touch the upper gum with the tip of your tongue.  Starts from the first, leading vowel, make natural transition to the nasal finals, gradually increasing the nasal nature of the voice.

4. Let’s practise… front nasal finals kànjiàn 看见 to see sēnlín 森林 forest duànliàn 锻炼 to exercise guānmén 关门 to close the door Lúndūn 伦敦 London duǎnqún 短裙 short skirt fànguǎn 饭馆 restaurant pēnquán 喷泉 water fountain

5. Listen and write… front nasal finals kànjiàn 看见 to see sēnlín 森林 forest duànliàn 锻炼 to exercise guānmén 关门 to close the door Lúndūn 伦敦 London duǎnqún 短裙 short skirt fànguǎn 饭馆 restaurant pēnquán 喷泉 water fountain

6.  The mouth is opened wider. ‘-ng’ is like the /ŋ/ sound in the English word ‘bang’. The back nasal final should sound louder. Touch your soft palate with the back of your tongue.  Starts from the first, leading vowel, make natural transition to the nasal finals, gradually increasing the nasal nature of the voice.

7. Let’s practise…back nasal finals pīngpāng 乒乓 table tennis téngtòng 疼痛 pain yīngxióng 英雄 hero lǎowēng 老翁 old man guǎngchǎng 广场 square xióngyīng 雄鹰 male eagle bīngdēng 冰灯 ice lantern yángguāng 阳光 sun light

8. Listen and write…back nasal finals pīngpāng 乒乓 table tennis téngtòng 疼痛 pain yīngxióng 英雄 hero lǎowēng 老翁 old man guǎngchǎng 广场 square xióngyīng 雄鹰 male eagle bīngdēng 冰灯 ice lantern yángguāng 阳光 sun light

9. Watch the video, “nasal finals exercises” where you will further practise nasal finals and test your listening on front and back nasal finals. Check L197 coursebook language note in session 2,3,4 for ‘nasal finals’ Listen to L197 online Pronunciation Guide (Week 1 study Planner)

10. Acknowledgment: All the pictures in use are taken from Microsoft PowerPoint & Google images (free to use or share) Produced by Zhiqiong