2. Midterm Exam Review Pre AP English 10 Mrs. Thomas

3. The exam will consist of four parts… Part I 2nd Nine Weeks County Wide English Benchmark Test Part II Literary Terms Definitions for many of the terms studied so far this year will be written on the exam. Students write the identifying term without the benefit of a word bank. Part III Vocabulary Words from Units 1-4 Part IV Read, annotate and analyze a poem using TPCASTT and then write a paragraph identifying the poem’s theme and how the author’s use of literary devices helped convey the theme. Read, annotate and analyze a prose passage using DIDLS and then write a paragraph identifying the overall tone of the passage and how the author’s use of devices helped convey that tone.

4. Part I – Bedford County Benchmark Test

5. Part II – Literary Devices Antagonist – the person or force that opposes the main character Protagonist – the central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative poem Plot – the sequence of events or actions in a piece of writing Characterization – method used by the author to reveal the personality of characters Dialogue – conversation between characters Setting – the time and place in which events occur in a literary work Narrator – the voice telling a story

6. Literary Devices continued Conflict – struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces or emotions Suspense – the quality that makes the reader or audience uncertain or tense about the outcome of events Irony – occurs in three types: when a speaker says one thing while meaning another, when a situation turns out differently from what one would normally expect, when a character says or does something that has different meanings from what he thinks it means Flashback – a scene that interrupts the action to show a previous event Foreshadowing – the use of hints or clues to suggest future events

7. Literary Devices continued Point of View – the perspective from which the narrative is told Tone – the writer or speaker’s attitude toward a subject, character, or audience Theme – the central message of the literary work, generally expressing a truth about life or human nature

8. Part II – Figures of Speech Figurative Language – speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect Allusion – a reference to a mythological, literary, or historical person, place, or thing Apostrophe – a form of personification in which the absent or dead are referred to as if present or alive Hyperbole – deliberate exaggeration to express strong emotion or create a comic effect Imagery – language that appeal to the senses

9. Figures of Speech continued Extended Metaphor – a metaphor that is developed over several lines or throughout an entire poem Metaphor – an implied comparison between two unlike things Personification – gives inanimate objects human characteristics Simile – a comparison of two unlike things through the use of the words “like” or “as” Symbol – any object, person, or action that has both a meaning in itself and that stands for something larger than itself Synecdoche – a form of metaphor in which a part of something is used to signify the whole

10. Part II - Poetic Devices Couplet – two consecutive lines of poetry that form a unit, often emphasized by rhythm or rhyme Blank Verse – poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter Free Verse – poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme Enjambment – a poetic expression that spans more than one line; there is no grammatical break at the end of the line and the meaning is unclear without the next line Oxymoron – a pair of words that contradict each other Speaker – the voice that narrates a poem Stanza – a group of consecutive lines that form a single unit in a poem

11. Part II - Sound Devices Alliteration – repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds at the beginnings of words that are close together Assonance – repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together Consonance – repetition of consonant sounds in a series of words Onomatopoeia – use of words that imitate the sounds that they describe Rhyme – repetition of sounds at the ends of words

12. Sound Devices continued End rhyme – the most common type of rhyme, it occurs at the ends of lines of poetry Internal Rhyme – rhyme occurring within a line of poetry Rhyme Scheme – a regular pattern of end rhyme in a poem Rhythm – the patterns of beats or stresses in spoken or written language

13. Part II - Rhetorical Devices Detail – facts, observations, and incidents used to develop a topic Style – the writer’s characteristic manner of employing language Diction – word choice intended to convey a certain effect Slang – a group of recently coined words often used in informal situations Colloquial Expressions – non- standard, often regional, ways of using language appropriate to informal or conversational speech Jargon – words and expressions characteristic of a particular trade, profession or pursuit

14. Rhetorical Devices continued Dialect – a non-standard subgroup of a language with its own vocabulary and grammatical features (often used by writer’s to reveal a character’s economic or social class Denotation – the exact, literal definition of a word independent of any emotional association or secondary meaning Connotation – the implicit rather than explicit meaning of a word; consists of suggestions, emotional associations, and emotional overtones attached to a word Syntax – the way words are arranged within a sentence Balanced sentence – phrases or clauses balance each other because of their similarity in structure, meaning, or length

15. Rhetorical Devices continued Inversion – reversal of typical word order or sentence pattern for emphasis or effect Juxtaposition – normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another for the purpose of creating a surprising effect Paradox – a statement or situation that seems to be a contradiction but that reveals a truth Parallel structure – grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence; involves arranging words, phrases, sentences, and/or paragraphs so that elements of equal importance are equally developed and similarly phrase

16. Rhetorical Devices continued Repetition – the deliberate use of any element of language more than once Rhetorical question – a question that requires no answer; used to draw attention to a point and generally considered to be stronger than a direct statement Loose Sentence – makes sense even if brought to a close before the actual ending Periodic Sentence – makes complete sense only when the ending is reached

17. Part III - Vocabulary Vocabulary words from Units 1-4 Multiple choice format Choose the word that matches the definition given

18. Part IV T P C A S T Read, annotate and analyze a poem using TPCASTT and then write a paragraph identifying the poem’s theme and how the author’s use of literary devices helped convey the theme. D I D L S Read, annotate and analyze a prose passage using DIDLS and then write a paragraph identifying the overall tone of the passage and how the author’s use of devices helped convey that tone.

19. Don’t be this guy…

20. …be this guy! STUDY for the exam!!