3.  100 Years’ War and Black Death  New scientific ideas contradicted (went against) the Church’s teachings  Corruption (dishonesty) in the Catholic Church

4.  The Reformation was an attempt to REFORM, or change, the Catholic Church  People wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore their faith in the church  Before the Reformation, all Christians in Europe were Roman Catholic

5.  As a result of the demand for changes, or reforms, reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin, established their own religions: Lutheranism and Calvinism  The Reformation caused a split (or schism) in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

7.  Martin Luther  John Calvin  Henry VIII

8.  Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany  Father wanted him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

9.  worried about getting into heaven  turned to the Bible for comfort

10. "He who through faith is righteous shall live." Luther believed that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. This is known as “Salvation through faith alone.”

11.  Was a list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (his 95 complaints)  He criticized:  The power of the Pope  The extreme wealth of the Church clergy  Selling of Indulgences

12.  Gutenberg’s printing press made it possible to spread Luther’s beliefs and ideas  Posted his 95 Theses on a church door in Germany  Luther got support from the people and was criticized by the Church

13. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

14.  The Diet of Worms  1520 Pope Leo X ordered Luther to give up his beliefs  Luther burned the order and was excommunicated  While in hiding, Luther translated the New Testament into German (vernacular), spreading his beliefs even more and more quickly

15.  He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

17. “I am fed up with the world, and it with me.” - Martin Luther

18.  Some local German churches accepted Luther’s ideas  Lutheranism was formed  Lutheranism was supported by German princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Catholic Church for suppressing (keeping down) the reforms  The reformers came to be known as PROTESTants - Protestants

19. “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

20.  Anti-Catholic  Influenced by Martin Luther  Disagreed with Luther’s ideas of “Salvation through faith alone.”  Created Protestant religion in Switzerland called Calvinism

21.  Calvin believed in:  “Salvation through Predestination”  At birth, it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

22.  Predestination:  God knows everything that will happen in your life  Purified approach to life: -- No drinking, swearing, card playing, or gambling, among other things

23.  Started in Switzerland – Calvinism and Protestant movement spread in Europe  England = Church of England (Anglicans and Puritans)  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

24.  Wanted an annulment (divorce) from Catherine (daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, powerful Catholic monarchs)  Pope refused; didn’t want to anger Spanish king and queen  Archbishop of Canterbury (in England) annulled his marriage.  Pope excommunicated Henry VIII  Henry started the Anglican Church.

25.  His and Catherine’s daughter Mary I becomes queen and restores the Catholic Church in England  She burns 300 Protestants, named “Bloody Mary“  Elizabeth I (Mary’s half-sister) takes over and returns England to Protestantism

26. Protestant Movement Results: Religions by Countries England = Church of England (Anglicans and Puritans) Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

27. Church of England, Puritans, Anglican Hugeunots Presbyterian