1. FIRST AID  Review Surveillance Activity Watch the video and note any problems that you see occurring. Video – 6:00 Are there any hazards that could cause injury? Does it appear all equipment is available to the LG? Are there patrons who are of special concern? Are there any rules being broken that can lead to emergency situations? Are there customer service issues that need addressing? Are there any distracting situations for the LG?

2. FIRST AID  Secondary Assessments: After you complete a primary assessment and determine the scene is safe, perform a secondary assessment to determine if there are any non-life threatening conditions that require you to provide care.

3. SAMPLE  To get a brief history related to the illness or injury you will SAMPLE the victim. S – Signs and Symptoms A – Allergies M – Medications P – Pertinent Past Medical History L – Last Oral Intake E – Events Leading Up to the Incident

4. SECONDARY ASSESSMENTS  What should be included: Visibly check for bruises, cuts, bleeding or deformities. Look for medical ID tags Check the persons ability to move body parts (Do not move parts in pain): Help them rest comfortably Keep them from getting cold or overheated Reassure them Determine if you need EMS Watch for changes in LOC

5. SUDDEN ILLNESSES  Responding to Sudden Illnesses – (8:00)  In most cases, it’s not necessary to know the cause or type of sudden illness because the care will be the same with few exceptions.

6. SUDDEN ILLNESS  What are the general steps for caring for sudden illnesses? Care for any life-threatening conditions first. Monitor the victim’s condition and watch LOC Keep the victim comfortable and reassure them. Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated. Don’t give them anything to eat or drink unless the victim is fully conscious and not in shock. Care for other problems that develop, including vomiting.

7. DIABETIC EMERGENCIES  Too much or too little sugar in the bloodstream.  Signs:Changes in LOC, Irregular breathing or pulse, look ill or discolored  Give sugar via: glucose tablet or paste, fruit juice, milk, non-diet soda, or sugar stirred in water.  Call 911 if conditions don’t get better within 5 minutes of taking the sugar.

8. SEIZURES  Sudden uncontrollable muscle spasms.  Use judgment on summoning EMS.  Breathing can be irregular or stop momentarily.  Remove nearby objects that can cause injury, protect airway and allow seizure to run its course.  Do not stop or restrain a seizure. Do not put objects or fingers in the mouth.  IN WATER: Call 911. Turn victim so the face is out of the water and hold like this until seizure ends. Remove from water after the person stops seizing. Perform Assessments.

9. STROKE  Blood flow is blocked from reaching part of the brain  Signs: Headaches, immobility or function of half of the body, blurred vision, dizziness, confusion, loss of balance or coordination.  FAST model: F – Face, A – Arm, S – Speech, T – Time  Call 911 immediately if they have these symptms.

10. ASTHMA  Chronic condition where airway swells or becomes blocked.  Asthma attacks – breathing becomes difficult leading to resp distress.  Assist person in taking meds, monitor condition, call 911 if breathing doesn’t improve after inhalations.

11. RESPONDING TO INJURIES  Responding to Injuries Video: 12:00  An injury to soft tissue such as skin or fat is called a wound.  First Aid supplies for wounds should be in your hip pack.  Closed wounds occur beneath the surface of the skin.  Internal bleeding may occur when the skin is not broken and damage to the soft tissue and blood vessels happen below the surface of the skin.  Four main types of open wounds are: abrasions, lacerations, avulsions or punctures.

12. WOUNDS  Closed wound: Contusion or bruise.  Call 911 immediately in cases where violent force has caused significant internal bleeding: severe pain or can’t move a body part, force was great enough, an injured extremity is blue or pale, changes in LOC, excessive thirst, vomiting or coughing blood, rapid or weak pulse.

13. WOUNDS  Open: skin broken  Abrasion: Skin has rubbed or scraped away….scrape or rug burn  Laceration: Cuts bleed freely and deep cuts bleed severely…slice  Avulsion: Cut where soft tissue is torn loose or off, including amputations……cut off a toe.  Puncture: Object pops through the skin. Become easily infected, bleeding usually severe, remove object immediately!

14. BANDAGING VICTIMS  Get a partner and your first aid kit.  Control external bleeding. Follow guidelines on hand out.

15. SHOCK  Any serious injury or illness can cause a condition known as shock.  Shock is a natural reaction by the body. It usually signals the condition is serious.  Signs/Symptoms: Restlessness or irritability, Altered LOC, Skin changes, nausea or vomiting, rapid breathing and pulse, excessive thirst.

16. MINIMIZING THE EFFECTS OF SHOCK  Make sure you call 911  Monitor the condition and watch changes in LOC  Control external bleeding  Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated.  Have the victim lie flat on her back  Cover the victim with a blanket to maintain body heat.**  Comfort and reassure the victim until EMS arrives  Administer emergency oxygen if available.  DO NOT give them food or drink even if they ask.

17. POISONING  To determine care for a victim with poisoning: Call poison control: 800-222-1222 Refer to MSDS for the substances you think might be the cause If the victim was exposed to chemicals send the MSDS with EMS to the hospital.  To care for inhaled poison: Size up the scene to make sure it is safe for you. Call 911 Move the victim to fresh air Care for life-threatening conditions Monitor ABCs and LOC Keep victim comfortable

18. POISONING CON’T  To care for a victim that has absorbed poisoning: Remove exposed clothing/jewelry immediately and immediately rinse the area with water thoroughly for 20 minutes with a shower or garden hose. If a rash or wet blisters develop have the person see a health care provider. If the condition spreads to larger parts of the body, call EMS or seek immediate medical attention.

19. HEAT & COLD RELATED EMERGENCIES  Heat Cramps/Heat Exhaustion/ Heat Stroke: Progressive Illnesses Cramps: Painful muscle spasms in the legs or abdomen. Least Severe. Heat Exhaustion: Early indicator that the body’s cooling system is overwhelmed. Signs: Cool /moist skin, headache, nausea, dizzy, exhausted, heavy sweating. Heat Stroke: Body’s system too overwhelmed and it stops functioning. Most severe. Life threatening. Signs: Red/Hot/Dry skin, vomiting, changes in LOC.

20. HEAT & COLD RELATED EMERGENCIES  Care for Heat Related Illness: Move to a cool dry place. Loosen tight or perspiration-soaked clothing. Spray w cool water or a cool towel to the skin Fan the victim Drink small amounts of sports drinks, water or milk Call 911 Put victim on their side Use ice packs or wrap the body in ice water soaked towels Monitor ABCs

21. HEAT & COLD RELATED EMERGENCIES  Temps don’t have to be extremely cold if it is wet or windy.  Not Progressive: 2 separate emergencies: Hypothermia: Victims body cools bc its ability to keep warm has failed. Could cause death. Signs: Shivering, numbness, glassy stare, apathy, weakness, impaired judgment, and changes in LOC.  Care: Primary Assessment – Check for pulse for much longer (30-45 sec), Call 911, Move to a warm place SLOWLY, Remove wet clothes, warm the victim with blankets and cover the head, drink warm liquids without caffeine or alcohol, monitor LOC.  DO NOT WARM VICTIMS TOO QUICKLY – Heart Arrhythmia or Cardiac Arrest

22. HEAT & COLD RELATED EMERGENCIES  Frostbite: Body parts freeze from being exposed to the cold. Depends on air temp., wind and length of exposure. Can cause the loss of limbs.  Signs: Lack of feeling in parts, swelling, waxy skin, cold or discolored skin.  Care: Get out of the cold, Do not warm if there’s a chance of refreezing, do not rub, soak area in warm water until normal color emerges (max 105), loosely bandage the area, separate fingers and toes w bandages, avoid breaking blisters, care for shock, call 911 ASAP.

23. INJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES AND JOINTS  Fractures: A complete break, chip or crack in a bone. Can be open or closed.  Dislocation – Displacement of a bone away from its normal position.  Sprain – Tearing of ligaments at a joint  Strain – Stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons.