1. National Progressivism 1876-1916 Domestic

2. Election 1900 McKinley (Republican) 271 McKinley (Republican) 271 Bryan (Democrat) 176 Bryan (Democrat) 176 Issue was imperialism Issue was imperialism TR (Republican) was booted up by party to “harmless” job. As governor of New York was a pain to party boss system (Blue Laws) TR (Republican) was booted up by party to “harmless” job. As governor of New York was a pain to party boss system (Blue Laws)

3. Assassination September 1901 McKinley assassinated September 1901 McKinley assassinated By Leon Czolgocz Admitted anarchist bandaged hand 6 world leaders King of Italy most recent By Leon Czolgocz Admitted anarchist bandaged hand 6 world leaders King of Italy most recent TR colorful, popular, Teddy Bear TR colorful, popular, Teddy Bear Harvard, NY State legislature, Civil Service Commission, Assistant Sec of the Navy, hero Spanish-American War, Gov. NY, VP Harvard, NY State legislature, Civil Service Commission, Assistant Sec of the Navy, hero Spanish-American War, Gov. NY, VP

4. The Square Deal Fought for federal legislation to protect the public from harmful drugs and impure foods Fought for federal legislation to protect the public from harmful drugs and impure foods 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act Impact of The Jungle Sinclair Lewis Impact of The Jungle Sinclair Lewis Will be least successful in monetary reform Will be least successful in monetary reform

5. Aided Coal Miners fighting for fewer hours and higher wages May 1902: 50,000 coal miners May 1902: 50,000 coal miners United Mine Workers Union United Mine Workers Union Wanted 8-hour day and 20% wage increase Wanted 8-hour day and 20% wage increase TR tried to stay out of it TR tried to stay out of it BUT strike continued into October BUT strike continued into October Home heating concerns Home heating concerns

6. TR offer to mediate Miners agreed Miners agreed Mine owners would not Mine owners would not TR offered to take over the mines TR offered to take over the mines Owners came around Owners came around Federal commission: Miners got 10% wage increase and 9-hour day Federal commission: Miners got 10% wage increase and 9-hour day

7. Conservation 1902 Newlands Conservation Act: 1902 Newlands Conservation Act: Proceeds from government land sales to go to irrigation projects Proceeds from government land sales to go to irrigation projects Set aside timberlands as National Forests Set aside timberlands as National Forests Other laws: to build dams, conserve mineral resources Other laws: to build dams, conserve mineral resources Preserving the soil prevented erosion from sudden floods

8. Progressive Period Presidents TR 1901-1909 TR 1901-1909 Taft 1909-1913 Taft 1909-1913 Wilson 1913-1921 Wilson 1913-1921

9. Railroads 1903Elkins Act: Rebates Illegal 1903Elkins Act: Rebates Illegal 1906Hepburn Act: Extended power of ICC to regulate Railroads 1906Hepburn Act: Extended power of ICC to regulate Railroads 1910Mann-Elkins Act: Allowed ICC to suspend railroad rates and established Commerce Courts 1910Mann-Elkins Act: Allowed ICC to suspend railroad rates and established Commerce Courts

10. Monopolies TR called the Trust Buster TR called the Trust Buster BUT did allow “Good” Trusts to survive BUT did allow “Good” Trusts to survive Taft busted twice as many Taft busted twice as many 1902 TR ordered the Justice Department to bring suit against North Securities Co. 1902 TR ordered the Justice Department to bring suit against North Securities Co. Court ordered it dissolved in 1904 Court ordered it dissolved in 1904 Then TR went after Meat packers, Am. Tobacco Co., meat packers Then TR went after Meat packers, Am. Tobacco Co., meat packers

11. TR TR avoided Tariff issue; was afraid he’d split the Party TR avoided Tariff issue; was afraid he’d split the Party TR the first President to acll for women’s suffrage TR the first President to acll for women’s suffrage Had Booker T. Washington to the White House for dinner…backlash Had Booker T. Washington to the White House for dinner…backlash

12. Election 1904 TR (Republican) 336 TR (Republican) 336 Parker (Democrat) 140 Parker (Democrat) 140 1907 Panic and depression 1907 Panic and depression TR blamed stock market TR blamed stock market Last two years: Lame Duck; little done Last two years: Lame Duck; little done Groomed Taft, them cruise, safari Groomed Taft, them cruise, safari

13. The Black Man Not a factor in Progressive reform Not a factor in Progressive reform Racial issue ignored Racial issue ignored Blacks’ issues seemed invisible Blacks’ issues seemed invisible Black migration to North for jobs = more racism in the North Black migration to North for jobs = more racism in the North Progressive policy seemed to intensify Black and White divisions Progressive policy seemed to intensify Black and White divisions

14. Election 1908 Taft (Republican) 321 Taft (Republican) 321 Bryan (Democrat) 162 Bryan (Democrat) 162 Taft: 6’2” 314 lbs Taft: 6’2” 314 lbs Law degree, tax collector, Circuit Ct. judge, Professor, Civil governor Philippines, Sec of War (TR), President AND Supreme Ct. Chief Justice (Harding 1921) Take Advice From Teddy Law degree, tax collector, Circuit Ct. judge, Professor, Civil governor Philippines, Sec of War (TR), President AND Supreme Ct. Chief Justice (Harding 1921) Take Advice From Teddy

15. TAFT Began as a Progressive Began as a Progressive After 2 years, a Conservative After 2 years, a Conservative Asked for income tax amendment and did not get one Asked for income tax amendment and did not get one Asked for a lower tariff and got a higher one! Asked for a lower tariff and got a higher one! Payne-Aldrich Tariff 1909 Payne-Aldrich Tariff 1909

16. Taft continued Arizona and New Mexico added to the union Arizona and New Mexico added to the union Taft fell under the influence of millionaires and corporate lawyers Taft fell under the influence of millionaires and corporate lawyers Became conservative! Became conservative! Opposed conservation Opposed conservation Changed his mind about the tariff Changed his mind about the tariff

17. Taft continued 1910 Pinchot-Ballinger Affair: 1910 Pinchot-Ballinger Affair: Ballinger Sec. of Interior (Taft App’t.) returned water-power rights to public domain Ballinger Sec. of Interior (Taft App’t.) returned water-power rights to public domain Alarmed Pinchot Chief Forrester (TR app’t) Alarmed Pinchot Chief Forrester (TR app’t) THEN Pinchot found evidence that Ballinger was considering validating a claim of powerful mining interests to a vast coal-rich area in Alaska THEN Pinchot found evidence that Ballinger was considering validating a claim of powerful mining interests to a vast coal-rich area in Alaska

18. Taft continued Pinchot brought it to Taft Pinchot brought it to Taft Taft fired Pinchot Taft fired Pinchot Then 1911 Taft had Justice Department file suit against US Steel Then 1911 Taft had Justice Department file suit against US Steel Above based on acquisition of Tenn. Coal and Iron Above based on acquisition of Tenn. Coal and Iron TR had approved it TR had approved it

19. TR returns! TR returned to U.S. and was angry TR returned to U.S. and was angry Wanted to challenge Taft for Republican nomination Wanted to challenge Taft for Republican nomination Governor LaFollette from Wisconsin wanted the nomination…BUT…broke down Governor LaFollette from Wisconsin wanted the nomination…BUT…broke down So TR went after the Republican nomination So TR went after the Republican nomination Resulted in split in the Republican Party Resulted in split in the Republican Party

20. Election 1912 Taft (Republican Old Guard) 8420,820 Taft (Republican Old Guard) 8420,820 Conservative Republican Conservative Republican TR (Progressive Republican) 88 4,126,020 TR (Progressive Republican) 88 4,126,020 Bull Moose Party (New Nationalism) Bull Moose Party (New Nationalism) Wilson (Democrat) 4356,286,820 Wilson (Democrat) 4356,286,820 (New Freedom) (New Freedom) NOTE: Splits and all 3 denounced Socialism

21. Woodrow Wilson Scholar, Professor and dean of Princeton, Governor of NJ (very progressive), President Scholar, Professor and dean of Princeton, Governor of NJ (very progressive), President The Progressive Amendments: The Progressive Amendments: 16 Income Tax (response to lower tariff) 16 Income Tax (response to lower tariff) 17 Direct Election of Senators 17 Direct Election of Senators 18 Prohibition 18 Prohibition 19 Women’s Suffrage 19 Women’s Suffrage

22. The Underwood-Simmons Tariff Wilson addressed Congress asking for lower tariff Wilson addressed Congress asking for lower tariff Explained U.S. good were quality Explained U.S. good were quality No need to fear competition No need to fear competition Tariff caused other countries not to buy U.S. goods Tariff caused other countries not to buy U.S. goods Congress concern: lack of tariff revenue SO Congress concern: lack of tariff revenue SO

23. Underwood-Simmons Tariff Reduced tariff rates by 25% Reduced tariff rates by 25% Amendment 16 (Income Tax) to make up for lost revenue Amendment 16 (Income Tax) to make up for lost revenue NOTE: We have always had property taxes, tariffs, and taxes in direct proportion to population. Income tax is newest NOTE: We have always had property taxes, tariffs, and taxes in direct proportion to population. Income tax is newest

24. Banking Reforms 1913 Federal Reserve Act: 1913 Federal Reserve Act: Provided for a central bank in each of 12 regions in the U.S. Provided for a central bank in each of 12 regions in the U.S. Would be controlled by Federal Reserve Board Would be controlled by Federal Reserve Board Had broad powers to regulate supply of money and terms to borrow Had broad powers to regulate supply of money and terms to borrow Successfully ended many bank failures Successfully ended many bank failures

25. Business and Monopolies 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act: List of illegal business activities (were specifically defined) 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act: List of illegal business activities (were specifically defined) 1914 Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC) 1914 Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC) Empowered to investigate businesses and advise them as to reorganization that would not be in violation of anti-trust laws Wilson began with Taft’s view but ended with TR’s

26. Farmers and Workers Farmers were able to obtain loans more easily and for longer time periods Farmers were able to obtain loans more easily and for longer time periods Millions in federal money to educate farmers regarding new techniques Millions in federal money to educate farmers regarding new techniques 1916 Adamson Act: 8-Hour day for RR workers (impact of war in Europe) 1916 Adamson Act: 8-Hour day for RR workers (impact of war in Europe)

27. Child Labor Many (but not most) states had laws limiting work hour for children or banning child labor altogether Many (but not most) states had laws limiting work hour for children or banning child labor altogether Wilson called for Child Labor Laws Wilson called for Child Labor Laws 1916 Keating-Owen Act: First federal law banning child labor 1916 Keating-Owen Act: First federal law banning child labor

28. Child Labor continued 1918 Supreme Court repealed Keating-Owen act with Hammer v Daggenhart 1918 Supreme Court repealed Keating-Owen act with Hammer v Daggenhart A second child Labor Law overturned in 1919 A second child Labor Law overturned in 1919 Child Labor Amendment failed in 1924 Child Labor Amendment failed in 1924 Remember Lockner v New York: first time Court overturned =Progressive Legislation Remember Lockner v New York: first time Court overturned =Progressive Legislation