1. Count and non count nouns
There are two kinds of nouns in English
Count nouns.
Noncount nouns.

2. Count nouns:
Count nouns are nouns that you can count: One cup, two pencils, five chairs, twenty seven students. We use a or an before count nouns. A is used before words that begin with a consonant sound. An before singular count nouns that begin with a vowel sound. P 43

3. TYPE OF NOUN
HOW TO FORM THE PLURAL
EXAMPLES
Most nouns
Add – s.
Banana – bananas
Cup - cups
Nouns that end in ch, s, sh, ss, and x
Add – es.
Lunch – lunches
Class - classes
Nouns that end in consonant + y
Change the y to i and add - es.
City – cities
Family - families
Nouns that end in o
Add - es
Mango – mangoes
Potato - potatoes
Nouns that end in - f
Change f to v and add - es
Half – halves
Exception:
Roof - roofs
Nouns that end in fe
Change f to v and add - s
Knife – knives
Life – lives p 44

4. Non count nouns
Non count nouns are things that we can’t or don’t usually count, they do not have singular or plural form. We do not use a or an with non count nouns. Instead we use phrases with non count nouns that tell quantity such as :- a lot of, a little, some, any, two cups of etc.. Examples:- I put some sugar in my coffee. We have a lot of home work.

5. Examples of common non count nouns:
CATEGORIES
EXAMPLES
food
Bread, butter, cheese, chicken, fish, flour, pepper,
liquid
Coffee, juice, milk, soda, tea, waster
subjects
Chemistry, English, history, math, music
Abstract ideas
Anger, beauty, humor, justice, knowledge, love, luck
others
Furniture, homework, information, money, software P 45

6. TIME – ORDER SIGNAL WORDS
In organizing the supporting sentences in a paragraph, we use time order signals.
Signal words are used to connect ideas in a paragraph, so that it help guiding the reader from one idea to the next.
Time order signal words:
First, First of all, Next
Second, Then , Finally, Third, After that,
P 46

7. Grammar: Imperative sentences.
An imperative sentence expresses a command or a request. When we give someone instructions, we often use imperative sentences. In an imperative sentence the subject is always you, but it is not stated. Imperative sentence begin with the base form of a verb.

8. We use: Do + not (or Don’t) + base form of the verb in forming Negative imperative
Statements
- Press the bottom start
- Close the door.
- Add the sugar.
- Slow down.
Negative statements
- Don’t make any loud noise
- Don’t let the water boils.
Do not add too much salt. P