1. GLOBAL INTERDEPENCE We’re tied together 1991-Present

2. We Are Linked… World Religions: HHinduism Very ancient cultural religion in India Many forms of one deity; gods represent different aspects of God/the universe Caste system: social structure based on religious traditions Reincarnation: spirit is part of universal cycle of life BBuddhism Founded by Siddharta Gautama (called Buddha) in northern India Noble Truths: life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire; free yourself from wanting Ultimate stage of Enlightenment: Nirvana

3. We are Linked… World Religions: JJudaism Monotheism: one supreme god Torah: written record of history, beliefs, and laws (Ten Commandments) CChristianity Monotheism: one supreme god New Testament: written life and teachings of Jesus (Son of God) IIslam Monotheism: one supreme god Koran: word of God and teachings; provided by Muhammad (the Prophet)

4. We Are Linked… Movement of Religions: ALL religions have spread around ALL the world HHinduism: mostly in South Asia (India) BBuddhism: mostly in East and Southeast Asia JJudaism: mostly in Israel and North America CChristianity: mostly in Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, and South America IIslam: mostly in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia

5. By technology: RRapid transportation (planes, trains) RRapid communication (phones, television) GGenetic engineering and bioethics CComputer networks (Internet!) Does everyone in the world have equal access to technology like the internet? By multinational corporations: CCompanies that operate in different countries BBuild and sell products around the world; examples? By regional integration: NNations grouping together for economic strength EExample: The European Union (EU) – many countries in Europe Trade is easy between these countries Common currency: they all use the euro

6. By trade agreements: NNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Creation of market with no trade barriers (no obstacles to buying and selling between countries) Developed in early 1990s Between Canada, United States, and Mexico WWorld Trade Organization (WTO) Sets rules for international trade Tries to create access to markets and increase trade Are there negative effects on nation’s labor and environment? By international organizations: UUnited Nations (UN): Countries around the world discuss problems and try to find peaceful solutions IInternational Monetary Fund (IMF): Organization that tries to help struggling nations reform their economies

7. But are we divided? Developed nations: SStable governments; peaceful SStable economic conditions SSlow rate of population growth HHigh literacy; good access to health care EExamples? Nations in North America and Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand Developing Nations: UUnstable or newly stable governments UUnstable or newly stable economic conditions FFast rate of population growth LLow literacy; little access to health care EExamples? Nations in South America, Asia, Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific Islands

8. World-wide Issues Many countries need to develop their economies. Why? SSuccessful, free-market economies raise standard of living SSuccessful, free-market economies increase the size of the middle-class… Large middle-class leads to calls for political freedom and individual rights Examples: Taiwan, South Korea, Ukraine SSo: Good economy  bigger middle-class  more political freedom  Better economy!

9. But problems with developing economy? DDamages environment Environmental problems: IIncreased pollution Air, water, soil… LLoss of natural habitats (impacts animals and plants) OOzone depletion (growing ozone hole)

10. Social Problems around the World: RRapid population growth  overpopulation Why is this a problem? EExtensive poverty 50% of people in the world live on less than $1 a day PPoor health; low access to health- care IIlliteracy (cannot read or write) FFamine (not enough food) MMIGRATION (people are always going to move to find a better life.)

11. Migration: people moving… RRefugees – people escaping conflict and difficult living and looking for a better life Where do they go? How much should others help? ““Guest Workers” – people coming to fill jobs They change the country where they work Drastic changes in Europe

12. Violent Conflict: Ethnic conflict – between groups based on cultural, traditional, and/or racial differences Religious conflict – between groups of different religions MMiddle East: Kurds (an ethnic group) want their own country Jewish Israelis and Muslim Palestinians are fighting over the same piece of land

13. Violent Conflict: NNorthern Ireland: Protestant Christians want to remain part of (Protestant) Britain, while Catholic Christians want to join (Catholic) Ireland BBalkans: Christian Serbs, Muslim Bosnians, and Christian Croats all wanted control over “their” parts of the ex-Yugoslavia Genocide committed by the Serbians on the Bosnians NATO, the US, the EU, and the UN all got involved in the 1990s

14. Violent Conflict: AAfrica Rwanda: genocide committed by rival ethnic groups (Hutus and Tutsis) Largest war in the world right now: Congo – different warlords and neighboring countries fighting for control of resources and land AAsia Ethnic Chechens want independence from Russia; Russia will not let them leave

15. International Terrorism  Munich Olympics  Terrorist attacks in the United States (e.g., 9/11/2001) motivated by extremism (Osama bin Laden).  Car bombings  Suicide bombers  Airline hijackers

16. World-wide Issues Governmental responses to terrorist activities  Surveillance  Review of privacy rights  Security at ports and airports  Identification badges and photos