1. Finish: Course Organization Then: History of Cognitive Psychology (in 30 minutes) Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 03/29/2016: Lecture 01-2 Note: This Powerpoint presentation may contain macros that I wrote to help me create the slides. The macros aren’t needed to view the slides. You can disable or delete the macros without any change to the presentation.

2. Outline What is cognitive psychology? What will we study in Psych 355? Ideas from 19th century European experimental psychology Behaviorism and anti-cognitive psychology Why did cognitive psychology undergo a revival from 1960 - today Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr ‘16 2 Lecture probably ends here What is Cognitive Psychology? Discuss some example.

3. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 3 What is Cognitive Psychology? Cognitive psychology attempts to explain how humans perform cognitive activities. What are cognitive activities? Seeing objects and events in one’s surroundings. Remembering something, e.g., facts, personal experiences, etc. Understanding what is happening in a situation. Communicating through spoken and written language. Learning something new, e.g., how to use a computer, an Ipod, public transportation, introductory statistics, etc. Solving problems. Making decisions. Drawing inferences. What is Cog Psych (continued)?

4. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 4 What is Cognitive Psychology? (cont.) Theory of human information processing including perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning, learning, development Emphasis on...... experimental studies of human information processing (behavioral studies)... brain activity while humans engage in cognitive processing (cognitive neuroscience)... models of human information processing (computational modeling) De-emphasis on: motivation, emotion Course Outline

5. Week Reading Assignment from Goldstein 1 Ch 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Ch 2: Cognitive Neuroscience 2Ch 3. Perception 3Ch 4. Attention 4Ch 5. Short-Term Memory & Working Memory 5Ch 6. Long-Term Memory: Structure 6Ch 7: Long-Term Memory: Encoding & Retrieval Ch 8. Everyday Memory & Memory Errors Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 5 Course Outline Course Outline, Week 6 - 10

6. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 6 Course Outline WeekReading Assignment from Goldstein 7Ch 9. Knowledge (Categorization) 8 Ch 10: Visual Imagery Skip Ch 11. Language 9Ch 12. Problem Solving 10Ch 13. Reasoning and Decision Making Brief History of Cognitive Psychology Any questions?

7. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 7 Overview of the History of Cognitive Psychology Precursors to cognitive psychology ♦ Aristotle, Plato – epistemology, theory of ideas and their relation to human action

8. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 8 Overview of the History of Cognitive Psychology Precursors to cognitive psychology ♦ Aristotle, Plato – epistemology, theory of ideas and their relation to human action Experimental psychology begins in 19th century Germany ♦ Franciscus Donders (response time analysis, method of subtraction) ♦ Hermann von Helmholtz (perception, unconscious inference) ♦ Hermann Ebbinghaus (experimental study of memory) ♦ Wilhelm Wundt (analytic introspection, analysis of conscious experience)

9. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 9 Overview of the History of Cognitive Psychology Precursors to cognitive psychology ♦ Aristotle, Plato – epistemology, theory of ideas and their relation to human action Experimental psychology begins in 19th century Germany ♦ Franciscus Donders (response time analysis, method of subtraction) ♦ Hermann von Helmholtz (perception, unconscious inference) ♦ Hermann Ebbinghaus (experimental study of memory) ♦ Wilhelm Wundt (analytic introspection, analysis of conscious experience) Behaviorist hiatus in America: roughly 1920 – 1960 ♦ During the behaviorist period (1920-1960), cognitive psychology continued to be studied in Europe.

10. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 10 Overview of the History of Cognitive Psychology Precursors to cognitive psychology ♦ Aristotle, Plato – epistemology, theory of ideas and their relation to human action Experimental psychology begins in 19th century Germany ♦ Franciscus Donders (response time analysis, method of subtraction) ♦ Hermann von Helmholtz (perception, unconscious inference) ♦ Hermann Ebbinghaus (experimental study of memory) ♦ Wilhelm Wundt (analytic introspection, analysis of conscious experience) Behaviorist hiatus in America: roughly 1920 – 1960 ♦ During the behaviorist period (1920-1960), cognitive psychology continued to be studied in Europe. Revival of cognitive psychology in America (1950 – 1970) 1970 – present: Cognitive psychology plays a major role in psychology pretty much everywhere in the world

11. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 11 Overview of the History of Cognitive Psychology Precursors to cognitive psychology ♦ Aristotle, Plato – epistemology, theory of ideas and their relation to human action Experimental psychology begins in 19th century Germany ♦ Franciscus Donders (response time analysis, method of subtraction) ♦ Hermann von Helmholtz (perception, unconscious inference) ♦ Hermann Ebbinghaus (experimental study of memory) ♦ Wilhelm Wundt (analytic introspection, analysis of conscious experience) Behaviorist hiatus in America: roughly 1920 – 1960 ♦ During the behaviorist period (1920-1960), cognitive psychology continued to be studied in Europe. Revival of cognitive psychology in America (1950 – 1970) 1970 – present: Cognitive psychology plays a major role in psychology pretty much everywhere in the world Donder’s Mental Chronometry

12. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 12 Early Cognitive Psychology: F.C. Donders (1818-1889) Mental chronometry: Measuring the duration of a cognitive process Reaction-time (RT) (a.k.a. response time): RT = the time interval between stimulus presentation and the response to the stimulus Method of Subtraction: Used to infer how long a mental process takes when the process is not directly observable. ♦ Method of subtraction is an example of a behavioral research method. Definition of Simple RT and Choice RT "Donders, Franciscus Cornelis (1818 - 1889)" by Alexander Seitz (Photographic company) - SIL14-D4-14a.jpg from the Scientific Identity: Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology (reworked). Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donders,_Franciscus_Cornelis http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donders,_Franciscus_Cornelis _(1818_-_1889).jpg#/media/File:Donders,_Franciscus_Cornelis _(1818_-_1889).jpg TIME Stimulus Presentation Response RT

13. Psych 355, Miyamoto, Spr '16 13 Simple and Choice Reaction Time and Measuring the Time It Takes to Choose Simple RT task: Participant pushes a button quickly after a light appears. Choice RT task: Participant pushes one button if light is on the right side, and a different button if light is on left side Donder’s goal: To measure how long it takes a person to decide which button to press in the choice RT task. How long is the decision process? Diagram Showing Time Course of Simple RT

14. Psych 355,, Miyamoto, Spr '16 14 Tuesday, March 29, 2016 : The Lecture Ended Here