1. Geography 8 What does the word Geography mean?
What Geographical factors contribute to the way we live in Canada?

2. Rural Settlements Types of Settlement
Can anyone guess what this means?
Low population levels (fewer than 1000)
During the 19th Century Canada was mainly a rural country, more than half of Canada’s population lived in a Rural setting
Most developing nations are made up of primarily Rural settlements…why might this be?

3. Types of Settlement Urban Settlements
If a Rural settlement has fewer then a 1000 people and is usually isolated…what is an Urban settlement?
80% of Canadians now live in Cities and Towns, this happened throughout the 20th century during Urbanization
According to the United Nations, approximately 50% of the world is now Urbanized
What types of problems could arise during Urbanization?

4. Types of Settlement: Suburban
Growth of Suburban developments has been a trend in Developed Nations since around the 1950s
These are generally residential areas that are just outside cities, they are generally commuter cities (people work inside the city)
Why might have these types of settlements grown since the 1950’s?

5. Task Decide what type of settlement you live in
Below write down why you think your family live in that type of settlement
Try and give multiple reasons/explanations

6. Site, Situation and Land Use
Starter: What types of factors effect where we live?

7. Site and Situation Situation:
The location of a place in relation to other places or larger features (regional surroundings)
Two different types of situation factors 1) Physical and 2) Human
Physical factors include: Landforms, Climate, Waterways, Natural Resources
Situational factors include: Population, Labour Force, Transportation, Market (shopping)

8. Site and Situation
Site: The specific physical features defining a places location. (Where it lies physically)
A Site deals with physical characteristics that would originally attract people to build and live in a certain area
What Site factors may have originally influenced people to build in the Toronto area? (Think early settlement)

9. Types of Site
4 main types of Site. Harbor Site, Natural Resource Site, Strategic Site, Meeting Point Site
In your books I want you to read the definitions for each
I then want you to write a detailed Site and Situation for Toronto, detail both Physical and human Situation factors.

10. Types of Land Use
Land is used a variety of different purposes
Make a list of the different ways in which land can be used
Generally, what land will be used for is planned out and zoned
Cities that spring up without planning are generally confusing and often have no rhyme or reason to them

11. Types of Land Use
Define each of the following types of land use in your notes (page 18-19), Also, for each type of land use, I would like you to think of an example nearby.
Residential
Transportation
Institutional
Parks and Open Space
Industrial
Commercial
If you were to plan out a city, what percentage amount would you reserve for each type of land use?

12. Complete the following chart

13. Map skills and location

14. Relative location
Relative location: The direction and distance from one place to another. For example: Hamilton: Southwest of Toronto, 69 Kilometers away Ajax: North East of Toronto, 45 Kilometers away. Using Google Maps, find the relative direction of the following cities to Toronto. Barrie Guelph Kingston

15. Absolute Location
This determines exactly where in the world a City or a Site is.
This is not affected by where you currently are, the absolute location of a place does not change
It can be measured in two different ways
The Alphanumeric Grid: This uses numbered squares along one edge of a map and lettered squares along the other. For example, think of when you play the game Battleship and determine a site such as B 6
Latitude and Longitude: Locations measured in degrees North and South from the Equator and east and west of the Prime Meridian

16. Alphanumeric Grid

17. Latitude and Longitude

18. Case Study: Hamilton
On Page 13 there is a full map of Hamilton and surrounding areas
Answer questions 1-4 below, studying the guide on the side of the map

19. Land Use Assignment
On the Wiki you will find an assignment about Land Use in our local area.
Complete the assignment on the document itself and submit to Turnitin when finished. We will have some time today to work on this and I will give you some tomorrow as well
Due Friday

20. Exploring population patterns
Do you think Toronto has too many people? Or not enough?

22. Types of population pattern
Scattered
– When resources are limited and an area can only support a limited number of people.
For example: Settlement in the far north of Canada is very scattered, people only live in certain areas where conditions are able to support them.

23. Clustered Population
Generally means when a large number of people settle together in a fairly small areas. This happens when there is an area that has a good climate, many natural resources, and also transportation routes
What might be an example of a clustered population?

24. Linear population
Occur where natural and human-made routes cause settlement to be arranged in a line
Can you think of anything natural or human-made that would cause people to settle in a line?

25. Canada population density

26. Population Density
Population density is the number of people occupying an area of land. In this course we will use the number of people who live per square kilometer. However, there are other ways of computing population density that we will later look at.

27. Calculating population density
Toronto:
Population: 4,367,000
Size:1,655 Km squared
Density Equals: Population divided by size
What is the population density of Toronto?
Complete the worksheet on Population Density

28. Population growth and distribution

29. Population Distribution
Population is not distributed evenly because of several factors.
What types of things might affect how population is spread out?

30. Population Factors
The five factors that influence population distribution are: History, Environment, Policy, Technology, and Migration.
There are many different things that can fall under these categories such as: natural resources, climate, economic development, government policy, rural/urban settlement, capital resources, and conflicts.

33. History: Natural Resources
Traditionally people settled closer to valuable resources such as oil, arable land, and fresh water. Most people in the world live near the coast or along a major waterway and they live on flat ground that is easy to farm.

34. History: Natural Resources
A good example of how natural resources affect population distribution is China.
Western China is not heavily populated because it is mountainous or a desert.

35. Environment: Climate
There are parts of the earth where people cannot live or it is very difficult to live because it is too cold. People don’t live in Antarctica and very few people live in the arctic.
Few people live in hot climates such as deserts. Look at the Sahara and Gobi deserts.
Wet climates can also be a problem such as tropical rainforests. The Amazon rainforest is sparsely populated because the soil is not very fertile.

36. Economic Development
People don’t live in areas where there are no jobs. This is one reason why people migrate to other countries or to cities.

37. Government Policy
In Canada people are free to live wherever they want, however, in countries such as China or the former Soviet Union the government forced people to live in certain areas.

38. Government Policy
The Russian government forced thousands of people to move to Siberia in order to develop the natural resources and economy of the region.

39. Migration
Immigration: The arrival of people into an area or country to live
Emigration: The departure of people from an area or country to live elsewhere
Net Migration: Immigration – Emigration = Net Migration
Example: In ,000 people Immigrated to Canada and 10,000 people emigrated from Canada, what was the Net Migration?

40. Technology: Transportation
Areas that have good transportation networks such as roads, trains, subways, or busses are more heavily populated.

41. Conflicts
Wars have a major impact on population distribution because people flee areas that have conflicts. Some examples are the Sudan, Rwanda, and the Former Yugoslavia.

42. Population Growth

43. The Population Boom
Basically the world has dramatically increased at 3 points in its History
1) The Agricultural Revolution
2) The Industrial Revolution
3) The Scientific Revolution
What do you think this might be? When could it have started?

44. What are the effects of a population boom?
What could these types of things cause?

45. Population Growth
We know where people live and why, and we also know where the population is denser. Now let’s talk about why populations grow quicker than others.

46. China is the most populated country in the world.
Population Growth
China is the most populated country in the world.
In the next 50 years India will have more people than China.
Asia has over 1/3 of the earth’s population.

47. Population Growth The factors that influence population growth are:
Modern medicine and hygiene
Education
Industrialization and urbanization
Economic development
Government policy
Role of women in society

48. Modern Medicine and Hygiene
Population will grow in countries with good hospitals and doctors because:
Babies get regular shots
People have regular health care
There are no epidemics such as small pox, yellow fever, or cholera.

49. Education
Population will decrease in countries with many educated people because:
More people have careers so they decide not to have as many children
Fewer people are farming so they don’t want children

50. Industrialization
Population growth will decrease as a country becomes more developed. Countries that are highly industrialized have low population growth rates. Why is this?

51. Government Policy
The government of China has a one child policy. Families can only have one child otherwise the population would grow too rapidly. If a family has more than one child they must pay a fine, or in some cases, are imprisoned

52. Role of Women in Society
Countries with low population growth rates have more women working in the labor force.
Countries where women are expected to stay at home and be housewives will have high population growth rates.

53. Task:
Read page and complete questions: 1b, 2 and 3 on page 39

54. Quality of Life
What do you think people need in order to have a “good” quality of life? Come up with a list of things that you think are important

55. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
What is the United Nations?
What types of things do you think might be included in a “Declaration of Human Rights”?

56. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS?
The United Nations (UN) is an international organisation that was established in 1945, the year the Second World War ended.
Its founders hoped it would be able to prevent catastrophes like the Holocaust from happening in the future.
So promoting human rights became an aim of the UN, along with maintaining international peace and reducing poverty.
The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the most famous human rights agreement in the world. It contains 30 human rights.

57. Human Rights WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS?
Human rights are the rights and freedoms that we all have.
Some human rights are based on our physical needs The right to life. To food. To shelter.
Other human rights protect us. The right to be free from torture, cruel treatment and abuse.
Human rights are also there to ensure we develop to our fullest potential. The right to education. To work. To participate in your community.
Everybody has human rights. It doesn’t matter who you are, where you come from, what language you speak or what religion you belong to. You have a duty to respect the rights of others, just as they have a duty to respect yours. Nobody can take your rights away.

58. Reading the document
The Document is broken down into 30 articles or fundamental rights
The goal is to one day have this document recognized and supported in every country across the globe
Unfortunately that day has not yet arrived.
On the wiki you will find the complete articles of the Universal Declaration of Human rights
With a partner, you are going to read through the Universal Declaration and choose what you think are the 5 most important articles.
You will together come up with a statement of what you think that article means and why it is one of the most important.

59. Measuring “quality of life”
Quality of Life is generally measured in terms of “The Three L’s”
Each of these is considered a measure of someone's “Quality of Life”
The Three L’s:
Life Expectance: The average number of years a person is expected to live
Living Standard: The Amount of goods and services people can purchase
Literacy Rate: The percentage of people with the ability to read and write

60. The Three L’s
On page 48 you will find further explanations of the 3 L’s
Homework: Read the three sections and and answer the questions at the bottom of each.
Your answers should be in paragraph format, you will submit them to Turnitin.

61. Assignment
You are going to be completing an assignment in which you design your Ideal city
You can draw it by hand or use any computer based program
I will provide you with paper for your rough draft of your city, the rest you will to do yourself
You should include a legend that shows colours for each type of Land Use, you should include all 6
You will also have to present your city to the class and justify the percentage for each type of land use and why you have given it that much space
You should also outline in your presentation the ideal Site and Situation for your city
Your map should also follow map conventions, it should have a compass, a scale, and an alpha numeric grid

62. Living on a Dollar a Day
How much to most people spend on a daily basis?
Considering my own life I spend around 10 dollars on gasoline per day alone
In terms of food, overall probably anywhere from dollars a day
It is estimated that over a billion people in the world live on less than one dollar a day
Near to 2.5 billion people in the world live on less then 2.50$
How would this affect your quality of life?