2. STATE GOV’TS -each wrote a Constitution -guaranteed certain rights speech, religion, press ex.- Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom -Representative governments with weak executives -Limited democracy---- most states limited voting to property owners

3. ARTICLES -unicameral Congress -1 vote per state -very limited powers -distrust of gov’t

4. WESTERN LANDS -how to settle new lands? -ownership of land -landed ceded to the union for all -Land Ordinance, 1785 divided land into sections for settlement -N.W. Ordinance, 1787 defines statehood and banned slavery in NW territories

5. STATE CONFLICTS -weak national gov’t -different currencies -trade barriers -border disputes -war debts

6. WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES -could not tax -hard to enforce laws -could not regulate trade -no executive -no court system

7. CALL FOR REFORM -state problems -debt -high taxes -Shay’s Rebellion in Massachusetts -Shay’s Rebellion exposed weakness -States call for reform

9. CONVENTION -May 1787 Philadelphia -12 of 13 states Rhode Island absent -55 Delegates

10. DECISIONS MADE -rewrite gov’t -1 vote per state -keep meeting a secret -majority rules

11. ISSUES AT DEBATE -representation large states small states -slavery -economics

12. VIRGINIA PLAN -James Madison -3 branches -bicameral Congress -population based

13. NEW JERSEY PLAN -small state plan -equal voting -group executive -Promoted state’s rights

14. COMPROMISES -Great Compromise House Senate -3/5 Compromise -Slave Trade Compromise

15. NEW GOV’T -much stronger -power to tax -regulate trade -strong executive -needed 9 of 13 to ratify

16. RATIFICATION -Federalists -Anti-Federalist -Federalist Papers -supported strong gov’t -written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay -Bill of Rights promised

17. RATIFICATION -Federalists -Anti-Federalist -Federalist Papers support the new government -Bill of Rights promised