1. Unit 9 Modern Conflicts Study Guide Answers

2. 1 Who controlled India before they got their independence? Great Britain

3. 2 Why was India divide before in 1947? Religious conflicts between Muslims and Hindus

4. 3 What countries were created as a result of the division of India? Pakistan and India

5. 4 Why was Bangladesh created? Bangladesh was created as a result of a civil war between East Pakistan and West Pakistan. East Pakistan didn’t think West Pakistan was doing a good job representing them so they decided to break away with the help of India.

6. 5 What two countries fight of Kashmir? India & Pakistan

7. 6 Generally what is Gandhi famous for? Peaceful protest and civil disobedience

8. 7 What are 3 examples of Gandhi using civil disobedience? Salt March Clothes Boycott Hunger strikes

9. 8 Which Northern African nation violently gained their independence from France in 1963? Algeria

10. 9 What Central African nation got their independence peacefully from Belgium in 1960 only to see their nation erupt into civil war and violence soon after? Congo

11. 10 What small African nation gained their independence peacefully in 1957 from the British and elected Kwame Nkrumah as their first president? Ghana

12. 11 What racial groups had a majority of the population in South Africa during apartheid? Black South Africans

13. 12 Who was the leader of the ANC? Nelson Mandela

14. 13 What does the ANC mean? African National Congress

15. 14 What does apartheid mean? Legal segregation between blacks and whites in S. Africa

16. 15 What white South African president freed Nelson Mandela and helped to end apartheid? F.W. DeKlerk

17. 16 What right did were black South Africans given once apartheid ended? The right to vote

18. 17 Who did South African’s choose as their president once apartheid ended? Nelson Mandela

19. 18 When was Israel created? Is that date before or after WWII? 1948 After WWII

20. 19 What were reasons for the creation of Israel? After the Holocaust, Zionism increased and Western powers believed that Jews a homeland

21. 20 Whose land was taken in order to create Israel? Palestine

22. 21 How did Palestine react to their land being taken to create Israel? What did they do? Angry They declared war on Israel (and lost)

23. 22 What is the PLO? What are their goals? Palestinian Liberation Organization They want to create an independent Palestine

24. 23 What were the names of the two wars that Israel fought when defending itself from surrounding enemies? 6 Day War Yom Kippur War

25. 24 What did the Camp David Accords do? What were the conditions of the agreement? It was a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel Egypt had to accept Israel as a nation and Israel had to give Egypt the Sinai Peninsula back

26. 25 What did the Oslo Peace accords do? The Oslo accords was a peaceful agreement between Israel and Palestine

27. 26 What resource is the root cause of much of the conflict in the Middle East? Oil

28. 27 Who was the leader of Iraq during the Persian Gulf War? Saddam Hussein

29. 28 What was the cause of the Persian Gulf War of 1990? Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in order to stop their oil production.

30. 29 What happened during the Persian Gulf War? The UN demanded that Saddam Hussein remove troops from Kuwait

31. 30 What was “Operation Desert Storm”? When America used airstrikes to force the Iraqi soldiers out of Kuwait

32. 31 What worldwide terrorist organization and leader was responsible for the attacks on 9/11/01? Al Qaeda

33. 32 How many planes were hijacked for terrorism on September 11, 2001? 4

34. 33 What was the motivation for the attacks of September 11, 2001? Americas support for Israel and American influence in the Middle East for Oil

35. 34 What were the targets on 9/11? New York (World Trade Towers) Washington D.C. (Pentagon/Unknown)

36. 35 What is the best way to describe the events of September 11, 2001? A terrorist attack, where suicide attackers flew planes into pre-chosen targets, failing to hit one of their objectives due to the passengers on that particular plane.

37. 36 Who did the “Global War on Terrorism” target? Terrorists in any nation around the world were ‘fair game’ to be hunted; Al- Qaeda and the Taliban, identified by the CIA, were number 1 on the list.

38. 37 Why did America go to war in Afghanistan in 2001? The Taliban refused to help us against Al Qaeda or find the 9/11 mastermind, Osama Bin Laden

39. 38 Why did America go to war with Iraq in 2003? We believed that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

40. 39 What was the result of the Iraq War that ended in 2011? Saddam Hussein was captured and Iraq held their first elections with the help of the United States

41. 40 Were weapons of mass destruction found in Iraq during our invasion? No. The United States ignored the UN findings and invaded Iraq anyway,