1. Forming Complex Societies
Chapter 2 Lesson 2

2. Objectives
Explain how living in villages changed the way people related to one another
Describe inventions that helped people of this time lead better lives

3. Vocabulary Subsist – to survive
Terrace – flat areas built on the slopes of hills and mountains
Plow – tool used to cut, lift, and turn over soil
Irrigation – ways to move water to land
Barter – to trade for things people want
Pastoral Society – group of people living as nomads with herds of animals

4. Farming Villages
By 7000 BC some farming communities in southwestern Asia that produced surplus food had grown into villages

5. Farming Communities Spread
By 6000 BC farming had spread to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa
People had domesticated a variety of animals and plants for food and clothing

6. Changes in Technology
People developed and improved farming tools, such as the plow and irrigation
Allowed people to grow crops in more places

7. Economic and Social Change
Early farmers bartered to get goods they wanted
Leaders controlled surpluses and trade, as well as resolved conflicts between the groups

8. Summary
Changes in agriculture that began before 7,000 BC caused dramatic changes in societies
Surplus food allowed farming settlements to grow into villages
Surpluses of food and other resources led to trade
With trade, people developed more complex societies and economies