1. World War II Chapters 28-29

2. Section 3, Chapter 28 : Fascism in Italy Rise of Mussolini Rise of Mussolini Italy was in chaos. There were strikes and riots. Italy was in chaos. There were strikes and riots. Mussolini was an intense nationalist & organized nationalist party. Mussolini was an intense nationalist & organized nationalist party. He promised to end corruption and restore order. He promised to end corruption and restore order. Mussolini organized combat squads known as the black shirts. Mussolini organized combat squads known as the black shirts. They attacked democratic institutions. They attacked democratic institutions. In 1922 the fascist made a bid for power. In 1922 the fascist made a bid for power. At a rally in Naples Mussolini and his supporters announced a March on Rome to demand that the government make changes. At a rally in Naples Mussolini and his supporters announced a March on Rome to demand that the government make changes. King Victor Emmanuel III bowed to pressure and asked Mussolini to form a government as prime minister. King Victor Emmanuel III bowed to pressure and asked Mussolini to form a government as prime minister.

3. Fascism in Italy Mussolini’s Italy Mussolini’s Italy By 1925 Mussolini had assumed more power and took the title Il Duce (the Leader) By 1925 Mussolini had assumed more power and took the title Il Duce (the Leader) He suppressed rival parties, muzzled the press, limited the number of voters and rigged elections. He suppressed rival parties, muzzled the press, limited the number of voters and rigged elections. The economy came under state control. The economy came under state control. Social policies Social policies To the Fascist the individual is unimportant except as a member of the state. “Believe, Fight, Obey” To the Fascist the individual is unimportant except as a member of the state. “Believe, Fight, Obey” Women who had more than 14 children were given a medal by Il Duce himself. Women who had more than 14 children were given a medal by Il Duce himself. Women were treated as inferior Women were treated as inferior The youth’s minds were polluted and brainwashed. The youth’s minds were polluted and brainwashed.

4. Fascism in Italy What is Fascism? What is Fascism? An authoritarian or totalitarian government that is not communist. An authoritarian or totalitarian government that is not communist. It was rooted in extreme nationalism. It was rooted in extreme nationalism. They glorify action, violence, discipline, and above all loyalty to the state. They glorify action, violence, discipline, and above all loyalty to the state.

5. Section 5 Chapter 28: Hitler and Rise of Nazi Germany Problems of the Weimar Republic Problems of the Weimar Republic This was a democratic government. This was a democratic government. This government faced serious problems-many small problems. This government faced serious problems-many small problems. Inflation Inflation Germany fell behind in reparation payments and France took its coal rich Ruhr valley. Germany fell behind in reparation payments and France took its coal rich Ruhr valley. German workers in the Ruhr valley went on strike. German workers in the Ruhr valley went on strike. To support them the German government printed a lot of money. This allowed them to pay the workers. To support them the German government printed a lot of money. This allowed them to pay the workers. Inflation went out of control. Inflation went out of control. Germany did make a recovery, but the Great Depression soon hit. Germany did make a recovery, but the Great Depression soon hit.

6. Hitler and rise of Nazi Germany At left Italy’s Mussolini and to the right Germany’s Hitler Symbol of hate, oppression, and racism—The Nazi Swastika.

7. Hitler and Rise of Nazi Germany Adolph Hitler Adolph Hitler Into this chaos stepped a high school drop out and failed artist, Adolph Hitler. Into this chaos stepped a high school drop out and failed artist, Adolph Hitler. He was from Austria He was from Austria He served for the Germans during World War I He served for the Germans during World War I In 1923 he tried to take over the southern German state of Bavaria and was thrown in jail. In 1923 he tried to take over the southern German state of Bavaria and was thrown in jail.

8. Hitler and Rise of Nazi Germany In Jail he wrote the book Mien Kampf. In Jail he wrote the book Mien Kampf. This means my struggle. This means my struggle. This book is the Nazi holy book and reflected Hitler’s obsessions and his racist views. This book is the Nazi holy book and reflected Hitler’s obsessions and his racist views. He believed that Aryans were the master race. He believed that Aryans were the master race. He blamed the German losses in World War I on the Jews and politicians. He blamed the German losses in World War I on the Jews and politicians. Within a year after joining an extremist group Hitler was the unquestioned leader of Germany. Within a year after joining an extremist group Hitler was the unquestioned leader of Germany. Like Mussolini, Hitler organized a group of thugs called Storm Troopers. Like Mussolini, Hitler organized a group of thugs called Storm Troopers.

9. Hitler and Rise of Nazi Germany Hitler’s road to power Hitler’s road to power The Great depression played right into his hands. The Great depression played right into his hands. He promised to create jobs and end Treaty of Versailles He promised to create jobs and end Treaty of Versailles Hitler became chancellor of Germany by one vote. Hitler became chancellor of Germany by one vote. Within a year Hitler was the master of Germany. Within a year Hitler was the master of Germany. He suspended civil rights and destroyed other political parties. He suspended civil rights and destroyed other political parties.

10. Hitler and Rise of Nazi Germany Hitler’s Third Reich Hitler’s Third Reich The First Reich was the HRE The First Reich was the HRE The Second Reich was Bismarck 1871 The Second Reich was Bismarck 1871 Finally the Third Reich was Hitler’s German master race to dominate Europe. Finally the Third Reich was Hitler’s German master race to dominate Europe. Totalitarian state Totalitarian state Where a 1 party dictatorship dominates every aspect of it citizens lives. Where a 1 party dictatorship dominates every aspect of it citizens lives. SS troops and the secret Gestapo carried out Hitler’s will. SS troops and the secret Gestapo carried out Hitler’s will.

11. Hitler and Rise of Nazi Germany Tens of thousands of people were put to work building houses, highways and other government projects. Tens of thousands of people were put to work building houses, highways and other government projects. Hitler then began to rearm Germany in violation of the Versailles treaty. Hitler then began to rearm Germany in violation of the Versailles treaty. Hitler Youth was created. Hitler Youth was created. Hitler sought to exterminate the Jews. Hitler sought to exterminate the Jews. Nazi thugs terrorized the Jews. Nazi thugs terrorized the Jews. Hitler ordered tens of thousands of Jews into concentration camps. Which are detention centers for Jews and other non-Aryans. Hitler ordered tens of thousands of Jews into concentration camps. Which are detention centers for Jews and other non-Aryans.

12. SECTION 1 Chapter 29: From Appeasement to War Early Challenges to World Peace. Early Challenges to World Peace. Japan on the Move. Japan on the Move. Japanese military leaders and ultra nationalists felt that Japan should have an empire equal to those of the western powers. Japanese military leaders and ultra nationalists felt that Japan should have an empire equal to those of the western powers. In 1931 Japan seized Manchuria In 1931 Japan seized Manchuria The League of Nations condemned the aggression and Japan withdrew from the organizations. The League of Nations condemned the aggression and Japan withdrew from the organizations.

13. Italy invades Ethiopia Italy went after Ethiopia for some practice since they had outdated weapons Italy went after Ethiopia for some practice since they had outdated weapons Ethiopia’s leader Haile Selassie pleaded to the League of Nations for help. Ethiopia’s leader Haile Selassie pleaded to the League of Nations for help. The League voted sanctions or penalties against Italy. The League voted sanctions or penalties against Italy. The sanctions were not enforced. The sanctions were not enforced.

14. From Appeasement to War Hitler’s challenge Hitler’s challenge In 1936 Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland In 1936 Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland What is the Rhineland? German territory along Rhine River (most fertile land). What is the Rhineland? German territory along Rhine River (most fertile land). European countries began to adopt a policy of appeasement, which is giving into the demands of an aggressor. European countries began to adopt a policy of appeasement, which is giving into the demands of an aggressor. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Italy, Germany, and Japan became axis. Italy, Germany, and Japan became axis.

15. From Appeasement to War Spanish Civil War Spanish Civil War Spain’s king had abdicated and a republic was set up with a liberal constitution. Spain’s king had abdicated and a republic was set up with a liberal constitution. Communist wanted more radical reforms and conservatives had thought they had gone far enough. Communist wanted more radical reforms and conservatives had thought they had gone far enough. Franco’s Fascist faced off against communist, socialist, supporters of democracy and others. Franco’s Fascist faced off against communist, socialist, supporters of democracy and others. Germans and Italians help Franco win the war. This was a practice for Germany and Italy. Germans and Italians help Franco win the war. This was a practice for Germany and Italy.

16. Francisco Franco: Dictator of Spain

17. From Appeasement to War German Invasions and Annexations. German Invasions and Annexations. Germany was the superior Aryan race. Germany was the superior Aryan race. Hitler invaded Austria and established an Anschluss or union with Germany. Hitler invaded Austria and established an Anschluss or union with Germany. Hitler next wanted to go after the Sudetenland an area with a large German population in Czechoslovakia. Hitler next wanted to go after the Sudetenland an area with a large German population in Czechoslovakia. At the Munich conference in 1938 European leaders showed up at Munich to discuss Hitler’s demands. At the Munich conference in 1938 European leaders showed up at Munich to discuss Hitler’s demands. The leaders gave the Germans the Sudetenland, for a promise from Hitler that he would not invade any more nations. The leaders gave the Germans the Sudetenland, for a promise from Hitler that he would not invade any more nations. Chamberlain of G.B. was present and said, “We have peace in our time.” Chamberlain of G.B. was present and said, “We have peace in our time.”

18. From Appeasement to War Toward War Toward War Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia. Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia. Czech. was the first country to fight back. Czech. was the first country to fight back.

19. From Appeasement to War Nazi-Soviet Pact Nazi-Soviet Pact Germany and Russian sign a non-aggression pact. What did this entail? Germany and Russian sign a non-aggression pact. What did this entail? They agree not to fight each other. They agree not to fight each other. To invade Poland and divide it up. To invade Poland and divide it up. Invasion of Poland Invasion of Poland On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later G.B. and France declared war on Germany Two days later G.B. and France declared war on Germany

20. Questions What is Fascism? What is Fascism? Who was Mussolini? Who was Mussolini? How did Hitler gain power? How did Hitler gain power? What was Hitler doing that caused the other countries to “give in” to his demands? What was Hitler doing that caused the other countries to “give in” to his demands? What started the actual war? What started the actual war?

21. The Axis Advance The War Continues The War Continues Blitzkrieg-lighting war—fast war. Move as fast as you can. Blitzkrieg-lighting war—fast war. Move as fast as you can. An example is the taking over of Poland in about one month. An example is the taking over of Poland in about one month. The S.U. also took Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and keep control of them until and the early 1990’s. The S.U. also took Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and keep control of them until and the early 1990’s. Germany then took Norway, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Belgium. Germany then took Norway, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Belgium.

22. The Axis Advance The Maginot Line The Maginot Line This was a huge fortification along the French- German border. This was a huge fortification along the French- German border. A lot of it was underground. A lot of it was underground. A lot of money was spent on it; as you will see that money and effort was a huge waste!! A lot of money was spent on it; as you will see that money and effort was a huge waste!!

23. The Axis Advance Germany invades France through Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Why did they do this? Why go through these countries to get to France? Germany invades France through Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Why did they do this? Why go through these countries to get to France? Germany invaded France so fast that U.K. and French were trapped along the English Channel at a town called Dunkirk. Germany invaded France so fast that U.K. and French were trapped along the English Channel at a town called Dunkirk. The British government called on every available ship to rescue the soldiers—yes it worked. 300,000 soldiers were rescued. The British government called on every available ship to rescue the soldiers—yes it worked. 300,000 soldiers were rescued. France falls to Germany and Italy France falls to Germany and Italy

24. The Axis Advance The Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain The Nazi plan was to weaken G.B. by bombing it before they invaded. The Nazi plan was to weaken G.B. by bombing it before they invaded. The new leader of Great Britain was Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The new leader of Great Britain was Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The British fought back with the air force called the RAF. The British fought back with the air force called the RAF. For 57 nights Germany bombed London. 15,000 died. -- Blitz For 57 nights Germany bombed London. 15,000 died. -- Blitz This gave the RAF time to rebuild and eventually destroyed the German Air Force (the Luftwaffe). This gave the RAF time to rebuild and eventually destroyed the German Air Force (the Luftwaffe).

25. P.M. Winston Churchill: courage in the face of over whelming danger

26. British pilots race to their planes during the Battle of Britain

27. The Axis Advance Invasion of N. Africa: Italy and Germany invade N. Africa under the Command of General Rommel (Desert Fox) -- Oil/ Suez want control of these Invasion of N. Africa: Italy and Germany invade N. Africa under the Command of General Rommel (Desert Fox) -- Oil/ Suez want control of these Greece and Yugoslavia were taken. Greece and Yugoslavia were taken. Invasion of Russia Invasion of Russia As the Russians retreated they burned the land and destroyed buildings. As the Russians retreated they burned the land and destroyed buildings. This is known as scorched earth policy. This is known as scorched earth policy.

28. The Axis Advance U.S. Involvement U.S. Involvement At first the U.S. was against war. At first the U.S. was against war. The Lend Lease act gave the U.K. military supplies while the U.S. got bases The Lend Lease act gave the U.K. military supplies while the U.S. got bases Atlantic Charter-Churchill and Roosevelt agree to defeat the Nazi’s. Atlantic Charter-Churchill and Roosevelt agree to defeat the Nazi’s. Japan Attacks P.H. Japan Attacks P.H. Mistakes made by the U.S.A. Mistakes made by the U.S.A. Not listening to intelligence reports that the Japanese intended to bomb. Not listening to intelligence reports that the Japanese intended to bomb. Thinking the planes on radar were our own planes. Thinking the planes on radar were our own planes. Destroying a Japanese sub in P.H. and its report not properly passing up the chain of command. Destroying a Japanese sub in P.H. and its report not properly passing up the chain of command. December 7, 1941 December 7, 1941 Yamamoto was the Japanese Admiral that planned the attack. Yamamoto was the Japanese Admiral that planned the attack. 2,400 people died. 2,400 people died.

29. The Axis Advance Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere Name the Japanese gave their huge empire in East Asia and the Pacific Islands. Name the Japanese gave their huge empire in East Asia and the Pacific Islands.

30. Questions What is Blitzkrieg? What is Blitzkrieg? What is the Maginot Line? What is the Maginot Line? Why does Germany help Italy in Africa? Why does Germany help Italy in Africa? Why does Germany invade Russia? Why does Germany invade Russia? Why does the Japanese bomb the US? Why does the Japanese bomb the US?

31. Section 3 Chapter 29: The Global Conflict, Allied Successes Big Three: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin Big Three: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin French Resistance- People inside occupied France who were using guerilla tactics to harass and disrupt the Germans. French Resistance- People inside occupied France who were using guerilla tactics to harass and disrupt the Germans. Their role included: Their role included: Blowing up trains carrying troops to the front Blowing up trains carrying troops to the front Hide downed allied air pilots Hide downed allied air pilots Cause the Germans as much trouble as they could. Cause the Germans as much trouble as they could. Vichy, France was a fake government set up by the Nazis Vichy, France was a fake government set up by the Nazis

32. Section 3 Turning points in WW II for the allies. Turning points in WW II for the allies. El Alamein, Egypt El Alamein, Egypt British General Montgomery stopped the German advance in Northern Africa at the battle of El Alamein British General Montgomery stopped the German advance in Northern Africa at the battle of El Alamein U.S./U.K. troops advance through Morocco, Algeria, and trap the Germans (Rommel) in Tunisia U.S./U.K. troops advance through Morocco, Algeria, and trap the Germans (Rommel) in Tunisia Invasion of Italy Invasion of Italy The U.S. Invaded Sicily and pushed Northward through the Italian Peninsula. The U.S. Invaded Sicily and pushed Northward through the Italian Peninsula. Mussolini was killed by his own people. Mussolini was killed by his own people.

33. Section 3 Stalingrad Stalingrad The Germans actually controlled 90% of the city The Germans actually controlled 90% of the city The Russians completely surrounded Stalingrad and along with the harsh winter the Germans surrendered. The Russians completely surrounded Stalingrad and along with the harsh winter the Germans surrendered.

34. Section 3 Invasion of France (D-day) Invasion of France (D-day) Eisenhower was the commander of all allied forces in Europe. Eisenhower was the commander of all allied forces in Europe. Diversions used at D-day. Diversions used at D-day. Tanks placed in G.B. that were made out of rubber making it look like the invasion was going further east. Tanks placed in G.B. that were made out of rubber making it look like the invasion was going further east. Double agents telling the Germans the attack was coming at the Par de Calais. Double agents telling the Germans the attack was coming at the Par de Calais. Fake Paratroopers that exploded when they hit the ground. Fake Paratroopers that exploded when they hit the ground. D-Day was on June 6, 1944. D-Day was on June 6, 1944. Paris was free in Aug. 1944. Paris was free in Aug. 1944.

35. D-day: Allied troops landing on Normandy Beach A Mulberry: an artificial harbor on Normandy Beach

36. Map of the D-day invasions. D-day was cod-named Operation Overlord.

37. Questions What was the French Resistance? What was the French Resistance? What was the battle of El Alamein? What was the battle of El Alamein? How did the Allies advance to defeat the Germans? How did the Allies advance to defeat the Germans? What was D-day? What was D-day? How did Eisenhower divert attention from Normandy? How did Eisenhower divert attention from Normandy?

38. Section 4 Chapter 29: Toward Victory The Nazis Defeated The Nazis Defeated The Battle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge It occurred in Belgium It occurred in Belgium This was Germany’s last offensive move. They threw everything they had at the allies This was Germany’s last offensive move. They threw everything they had at the allies The Battle of Berlin The Battle of Berlin Was fought primarily by the Russians Was fought primarily by the Russians Hitler committed suicide Hitler committed suicide On May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered On May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered

39. The Soviets (Russians) hoist their victorious flag over Berlin.

40. Section 4 Defeat of Japan Defeat of Japan Atom bomb Atom bomb First Nuclear Bomb to explode in the world was in the U.S.A. First Nuclear Bomb to explode in the world was in the U.S.A. Manhattan project was the race to create the A-bomb Manhattan project was the race to create the A-bomb First city to be bombed was Hiroshima. First city to be bombed was Hiroshima. Next city to be bombed was Nagasaki. Next city to be bombed was Nagasaki. September 2, 1945 WW II was finally over. September 2, 1945 WW II was finally over.

41. Mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the explosion. Hiroshima after the atomic bomb

42. Section 5 Chapter 29: From World War to Cold War Aftermath of War Aftermath of War 75 million people dead world wide – see chart pg. 953 75 million people dead world wide – see chart pg. 953 Holocaust: mass killings of about 9 million people Holocaust: mass killings of about 9 million people Nuremberg War Crimes Trials Nuremberg War Crimes Trials Allied Occupation Allied Occupation

43. Section 5 United Nations United Nations Created April 1945 Created April 1945 What did it do? Kept the peace, improved education, and improved health care. What did it do? Kept the peace, improved education, and improved health care.

44. Section 5 Crumbling Alliance Crumbling Alliance Growing differences between USSR & USA Growing differences between USSR & USA Iron Curtain Iron Curtain Containing Communism Containing Communism Containment the idea to keep communism from spreading (Truman Doctrine) Containment the idea to keep communism from spreading (Truman Doctrine) Germany divisions: West Free & East Communist Germany divisions: West Free & East Communist Berlin Airlift: fly in supplies to W. Berlin Berlin Airlift: fly in supplies to W. Berlin Military Alliances Military Alliances NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Warsaw Pact: Communist alliance Warsaw Pact: Communist alliance

45. Holocaust victims: This is what happens when a majority of people look the other way when an atrocity happens. Those who deny this atrocity happened deny reality and truth.

46. Holocaust Holocaust: systematic killing of European Jews by the Nazis Holocaust: systematic killing of European Jews by the Nazis Genocide: mass killing of a race Genocide: mass killing of a race Concentration camp: work camp Concentration camp: work camp

47. Holocaust Who: Jews (6 million) but also Gypsies, Catholics, Communists, mentally/physically handicapped, homosexuals, Blacks...anyone against Nazi Germany Who: Jews (6 million) but also Gypsies, Catholics, Communists, mentally/physically handicapped, homosexuals, Blacks...anyone against Nazi Germany Why: These people were not considered Aryan Why: These people were not considered Aryan Where: mainly Poland, but also Germany and France Where: mainly Poland, but also Germany and France

48. Holocaust Dachau: First concentration camp in Germany, used as a prototype for other camps, first ppl were political leaders, established 51 days after Hitler became Chancellor Dachau: First concentration camp in Germany, used as a prototype for other camps, first ppl were political leaders, established 51 days after Hitler became Chancellor In its 12 years, Dachau administration recorded the intake of 206,206 prisoners and 31,951 deaths In its 12 years, Dachau administration recorded the intake of 206,206 prisoners and 31,951 deaths

49. Dachau

50. Holocaust Auschwitz: largest Nazi concentration camp, located outside of Krakow, Poland Auschwitz: largest Nazi concentration camp, located outside of Krakow, Poland The camp's first commandant testified after the war at the Nuremburg Trials that up to three million people had died there (2.5 million gassed, and 500,000 from disease and starvation) The camp's first commandant testified after the war at the Nuremburg Trials that up to three million people had died there (2.5 million gassed, and 500,000 from disease and starvation)

51. Auschwitz

52. Holocaust Treblinka: approximately 870,000 men, women and children were killed at Treblinka; includes more than 800,000 Jews Treblinka: approximately 870,000 men, women and children were killed at Treblinka; includes more than 800,000 Jews Death camp only Death camp only Several German guards were killed when 300 prisoners escaped in 1943. The camp was then dismantled and a farmhouse was built in an attempt to hide the evidence of genocide. Several German guards were killed when 300 prisoners escaped in 1943. The camp was then dismantled and a farmhouse was built in an attempt to hide the evidence of genocide.

53. Treblinka

54. Holocaust 6 organized death camps across Germany and Poland 6 organized death camps across Germany and Poland There are many other concentration camps There are many other concentration camps Camp information: Camp information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_death_c amps http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_death_c amps http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_death_c amps http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_death_c amps

55. Holocaust Inside the camps: Inside the camps: Get off the train, stripped, shaved, tattooed, showered, doctor inspection, work assignment Get off the train, stripped, shaved, tattooed, showered, doctor inspection, work assignment Everyone was FORCED to work, there was a job for everyone and everything Everyone was FORCED to work, there was a job for everyone and everything Toilets Toilets Food Food Showers Showers Incinerators Incinerators

56. Holocaust Average meal was 300 calories, soup and a small piece of bread Average meal was 300 calories, soup and a small piece of bread Only one set of clothes Only one set of clothes No shoes/socks No shoes/socks When winter hit...it was frigid and you had little protection. When winter hit...it was frigid and you had little protection. No wood to burn for heat No wood to burn for heat

57. Holocaust Rescuers: There were people who helped Rescuers: There were people who helped Danger: you and your family would have been killed if caught Danger: you and your family would have been killed if caught Help came in all sorts of ways Help came in all sorts of ways Food, clothing, documentation, hiding Food, clothing, documentation, hiding

58. Holocaust Why? Why? Only because one person hated Only because one person hated This can happen again...its in YOUR hands! This can happen again...its in YOUR hands!