1. 1 Tom Gezo PMI HVC PDD 2012

2.  Leaders & Leadership  Cultural influences  Challenges for the PM  Leadership Styles  Building & Leading your team  A few simple things  Helpful tools and references 2

3.  Get you thinking about culture and it’s impact on leadership.  Provide a model for cultural influences.  Illustrate how cultural profiles effect leadership and team building.  Provide some practical tips to help you lead your multicultural team. 3

4. 4  A person who rules, guides, or inspires others  Were these leaders uniquely qualified for their cultures and times?

5.  Think about a leader from any time period in your life, either personal or professional, who truly inspired you to accomplish something.  What was it about what that person did or who that person was that inspired you to take action? 5

6. Characteristics of a Leader  Innovative  Focuses on people  Inspires trust  Keeps their eyes on the horizon  Challenges the status quo  Asks what and why  Knows what to do  Does the right thing

7. I’m not Mahatma Gandhi……… …… But I need to successfully lead my project team! As a PM, what do I need to know about Culture?  Develop an understanding of cultural preferences and predispositions  There are many models and resources which provide insight  Caveat: Models are based on broad cultural generalizations  Your team is made up of individuals who may not be the norm  Culture is not necessarily determined by country of residence 7

8.  History  US Legacy of “pioneers”  Argentina culturally similar to Europe due to immigration  Geography  Russia is a vast, continental space that is unprotected by mountains and rivers.  The U.S has more miles of navigable, inland waterways than the rest of the world combined and is protected by oceans and the Canadian Arctic.  Religion  France is approximately 65% Roman Catholic  In Japan, estimates of Buddhists is as high as 84-96%  Social Structure  Upper class, middle class, lower class in Western societies  Nobility, peasants in feudal societies  Caste systems  Family  Patrilineal vs. Matrilineal  Importance of family unit  Extent of “kinship” How do you make sense of it all? 8

9. Model developed by G. Hofstede of IBM based on surveys across IBM Subsidiaries (1967 – 1973)  Power distance index (PDI)  How readily do different cultures accept inequality/hierarchy  Individualism (IDV) vs. collectivism  Importance of the individual: “I” vs. “We”  Uncertainty avoidance index (UAI):  How do different cultures deal with ambiguity  Masculinity (MAS), vs. femininity:  What is the cultural balance between competitiveness, materialism, and power vs. relationships and quality of life  Long term orientation (LTO), vs. short term orientation:  Do different cultures exhibit long term values oriented towards rewards, including persistence, saving and capacity for adaptation vs. steadiness, respect for tradition, and quick results 9 Cultural GPS Lite, ITIM International http://geert-hofstede.com/

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12. 12 Americas PDI: Inequality minimized IDV: “I” MAS: Need to excel UAI: Relaxed, emotions not shown LTO: Traditional/Quick results PDI: Inequality accepted IDV: “We” MAS: Quality of life UAI: Stressed, shows emotions LTO: Pragmatic/Perserverance

13. 13 Europe PDI: Inequality minimized IDV: “I” MAS: Need to Excel UAI: Stressed, shows emotions LTO: Traditional/Quick results PDI: Inequality accepted IDV: “I” MAS: Quality of Life UAI: Stressed, shows emotions LTO: Traditional/Quick results

14. 14 Asia PDI: Inequality accepted (marginal) IDV: “We” MAS: Need to Excel UAI: Stressed, shows emotions - Inner urge to work hard, need for agreement LTO: Pragmatic/Perserverance PDI: Inequality accepted IDV: “We” MAS: Need to Excel (marginal) - More balanced with quality of life UAI: Relaxed, emotions not shown LTO: Pragmatic/Perserverance

15. What are the challenges that you’ll face leading your multi-cultural team?  Leadership Style  Building and leading your team How will a cultural reference point help? 15

16.  Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people.  A study by Kurt Lewin (1939) identified different styles of leadership.  Authoritarian or autocratic  Participative or democratic  Delegative or Free Reign  Good leaders use all three styles based on situation, with one of them normally dominant  Culture can predispose you to certain leadership styles………as well as acceptance of leadership styles

17.  Authoritarian (autocratic)  I want you to...  Good for emergencies  Participative (democratic)  Let's work together to solve this...  Best for team building  Delegative (free reign)  You’re responsible for...  Best when you have an experienced team in which you have trust and confidence 17

18. AuthoritativeParticipativeDelegative 18 Hierarchical High PDI Collective Low IDV, PDI Individualistic High IDV

19.  Establishing the team (IDV)  Hi:  “I” vs. “We”  Private Opinions  Lo:  Good team players  Relationships have priority over tasks  Authority (PDI)  Hi:  Inequality accepted  Hierarchy needed  Superiors inaccessible  Revolutionary change  Lo:  Equality expected  Superiors accessible  Evolutionary change 19

20.  Setting Goals (MAS)  Hi:  Performance ambition, need to excel  Live to work  Lo:  Quality of Life  Work to live  Rewards (MAS)  Hi:  Big and Fast are beautiful  Lo:  Small and slow are beautiful 20

21.  Work Ethic (LTO)  Hi:  Pragmatic  Perseverance  Lo:  Traditional approach  Need for Quick results  Dealing with Uncertainty (UAI)  Hi:  Need laws and rules  Shows emotions  Conflict threatening  Lo:  Comfortable working things out  Flexible  Emotions not shown  Conflict and competition OK 21

22.  Be sensitive  Cultural norms  Time of day  Holidays  Be inquisitive  Learn about your team’s cultures  Share yours….  Be Flexible  You may have to disturb your sleep  Be appreciative  Merci bien, Domo Aregato, Gracias, Grazie mille 22

23.  Using a few words go a long way  Hello, good bye, thanks  Know the “Magic Words”  I have a problem and I need your help  Say it again Sam….  Say it differently, not louder  Keep it simple.  Avoid slang and colloquialisms  Write it down  Non-native speakers are better with the written word  Send notes ahead of meeting to guide discussion  IM or e-mail may be more effective than conference calls 23

24.  Books:  Kiss, Bow or Shake Hands; T. Morrison  French or Foe; P. Platt  There’s an app for that:  Cultural GPS  IBE: International Business Etiquette  On the web  CIA World Fact Book  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/  http://kissbowshakehands.com/  Revenge of Geography; R. D. Kaplan or summary at WSJ Archive 24