1. Female Reproductive System Please take notes!!

2. VOCABULARY Puberty – t he bodies physiological and anatomical changes Pituitary Gland – g land in the brain that stimulates all the physiological changes in the body Growth Spurt – Occurs d uring puberty Estrogen – female sex hormone What is the male sex hormone called????? Menstrual Cycle - the process when the egg matures and releases - uterus prepares to receive it - an average of 28 days

3. The Menstrual Cycle

4. VOCABULARY CONT’D Urethra – the tube that passes from the bladder to the outside of the body Ovaries – reproductive gland that stores egg Ovum – 1 egg or Ova more than 1 egg Ovulation – the release of one or more eggs from the ovary Fallopian Tubes – two narrow tubes in which eggs pass from ovaries to uterus Fimbria- finger-like projections at each end of the Fallopian Tubes – Grabs Ova Fertilization – joining of the egg and sperm, conception

5. VOCABULARY CONT’D Cervix – the narrow base or outer end of the uterus Dilates 10cm for delivery process Uterus - muscular organ in which a fertilized egg grows and develops - Inner lining called Endometrium - contains fetus Womb – uterus Houses and protects the unborn Menstruation - the discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus - raises hormones and causes mood change (PMS)

6. VOCABULARY CONT’D Vagina – female repro organ Purpose: 1. Children 2. Sex 3. Menstruation Hymen – the membrane covering vaginal opening Vulva – consists of the inner and outer labia and the clitoris Inner Labia – (labia minor) protects reproductive system Outer Labia – (labia major) protects Inner, repro & has hair Clitoris – sensory organ provides sexual sensation Mammary Glands – used for baby to breast feed

7. CONCERNS about the Female Reproductive System

8. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) What is it??? - a hormonal imbalance Symptoms – nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression, mood swings and fatigue Treatments - exercising

9. Dysmenorrhea aka Menstrual Cramps What is it??? - painful contractions in the uterus during menstruation Symptoms - may be mild pain that last several hours or severe pain lasting for a day or two - both are normal Treatments - Over the counter pain reliever - warm bath or heating pad to relax Severe or persistent cramps may need medical attention

10. Amenorrhea What is it??? - lack of menstruation by age of 16 OR stopping of menstrual cycle (after 3 months) in a female who has previously menstruated. SEE DOCTOR!!! Can be a result of - defects in female sex organs, diseases such as diabetes, tumors and infections, over-exercising, sudden weight gain/loss Common causes - excessive athletic activities, emotional distress, any stress, eating disorders or starvation Prevent It!!! The best way to prevent amenorrhea is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Stay at a healthy weight, learn ways to cope with stress and emotional problems, and get a pelvic exam and Pap test once a year.

11. Examples of possible Amenorrhea

12. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) What is it??? - disease in the vagina that affects the immune system Symptoms - high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and/or a rash resembling sunburn - can result in liver and kidney damage Treatments - antibiotics *Avoid super absorbent tampons!!! They allow for bacteria to grow and easily produce toxins*

13. Vaginitis What is it??? - vaginal infection that is very common =Most common-Yeast Infection Symptoms - caused by fungus - thick, white odorous discharge and genital itching Treatment - yeast killing cream or meds placed inside the vagina *Must see a doctor*

14. Sterility What is it??? - blocking of fallopian tubes - ova can not pass to uterus - female does not ovulate - menopause (usually over 50) Can be caused by untreated STI’s ex: gonorrhea/chlamydia Treatment - surgery can sometimes correct these conditions Some women choose to be sterile! What is it called??? --Tubal Ligation--

15. 3 Types of Cancers Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Ovarian Cancer

16. Breast Cancer Most common 2 nd leading cause of death for females *2008: 182,640 women; 1900 men* 2/3 cases occur in women over 50 Risks: A woman’s risk doubles if she has a first relative with breast cancer (Mother, Sister, and/or Daughter) Symptoms: Change in breast or nipple appearance Lump/swelling in breast (90% of lumps are detected by women Detected: Mammogram (x-ray of the breasts) Treatment: Most treatable and curable when detected early

17. Breast Self-Examination

18. Cervical Cancer What is it? Abnormal cells in the cervix and surrounding areas Symptoms? None Detection? Pap Smear – Done every year from age 18 or sooner if sexually active Risk Factors? Being 20-30 yrs. old, never having a pap, having sex at an early age, and/or having multiple sex partnerspap Treatment? Remove all parts of cervix and surrounding areas. Radiation or chemotherapy – drugs to kill cancer cells Hysterectomy *Will a woman with cervical cancer be able to have children?

19. Is Cervical Cancer related to HPV? Human Papillomavirus HPV is an STD Shared amongst sex partners unknowingly May be infected for years and never know Pap Test finds abnormal cells Abnormal cells can be treated before they turn cancerous!!!

20. Ovarian Cancer-- 25,000/year Two Types: 1. Occurs in the lining of the uterus 2. Occurs in the ovary Symptoms: Stomach discomfort, pelvic pressure and pain Long Term Symptoms: Deepened voice and unusual growth of hair, unexplained weight loss and painful intercourse ****Unfortunately, by the time any symptoms are noticed, the disease is quite advanced!!! Risks: Family history – 2 or more female family members