2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION OBJECTIVE: I CAN DESCRIBE HOW THE CHANGES IN MANUFACTURING DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IMPACTED PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.

3. REVIEW OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Today we will review why the Industrial Revolution began in England and how the inventions of this time impacted the rest of the world You copy down YELLOW information on your chart.

4. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ◦ The change in the methods of producing goods– from hand tools to machines in factories (1760s-1860s) 1800 – 6 out of 7 were farmers 1860 - 1 out of 2 were farmers

5. TERMS TO KNOW Social Class – A person’s rank in society; people having the same social, economic, or educational status; "the working class“ Proletariat - The poorest class of industrial wage earners who, possessing neither capital nor production means, must earn their living by selling their labor. Bourgeoisie - The middle class, typically referring to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. The capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production

6. TERMS TO KNOW Entrepreneur – A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses; taking on financial risk to do so Agricultural Revolution - Transformation of the traditional agricultural system that began in Britain in the 18th century. new machinery, better drainage, scientific methods of breeding, and experimentation with new crops and systems of crop rotation

7. THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Agricultural Revolution paves the way New agricultural methods including crop rotation system Enclosure system forced many smaller farmers to give up land to larger landowners Seed drill allowed farmers to plant seeds in well- spaced rows Increased production of food forced many smaller farmers out of business and looking for new work

8. WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGIN IN BRITAIN? 1.Large population of workers 2.Extensive natural resources including coal, iron ore, and water power 3.Wealthy business people to invest in the manufacture of new inventions 4.Highly developed banking system allowed people to take out business loans 5.Growing overseas trade 6.Britain’s political stability allowed people to invest in new ideas

10. TEXTILE INDUSTRY – THE FIRST TO INDUSTRIALIZE Textile = the manufacture of cloth Britain’s textile industry clothed the world in wool, linen, and cotton. With an increasing population, demand for clothing in Britain increased dramatically. New inventions such as the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny increased productivity Some machines used water to increase power and production Larger machines took up entire rooms and forced mill owners to create large buildings to house these machines (factories)

11. Spinning Jenny

12. WHY IS THE COTTON GIN IMPORTANT? Invented by Eli Whitney in 1794 Previously cotton seeds had to be removed from the raw cotton by hand The cotton gin increased the amount of cotton that could be cleaned Cotton gin = HUGE increase in production of cotton

13. Cotton Gin video: http://havefunwithhistory.com/m ovies/cottonGin.html http://havefunwithhistory.com/m ovies/cottonGin.html

14. IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION Steam engine created by James Watt because other industries were looking for a cheap, convenient source of power Steam engines led to steamboats that carried passengers up and down rivers across England Water transportation led to the creation of canal system Canals allowed resources to be moved to factories in other parts of the country (factories no longer had to be located next to resource)

15. IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION A steam engine on wheels was created called a locomotive Railways quickly connected coal fields to factories in the larger cities Railroads had four major impacts: 1. Cheap way to transport materials and finished products 2. Created thousands of jobs building railroads 3. Increased profits of agricultural and fishing industries because goods could be sent to distant cities 4. Railroads encouraged people to live in the countryside (quick transportation to city)

17. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPREADS Some mill workers emigrated to other parts of the world in search of better lives They took with them the ideas and innovative way of thinking from Britain Some individuals were able to recreate objects from British factories (Samuel Slater came to U.S.) Railroads spread people across the United States and continental Europe Growth of population, natural resources, and advancements in transportation determined the degree to which countries industrialized

18. IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Industrialization widened the gap between industrialized and non- industrialized countries Britain began exporting resources from its colonies The need for additional resources for manufacturing led to increase in imperialism (practice of building an empire of territories) Colonies were again used as a source of raw materials and a market to sell manufactured products Industrialization increased power of Europe and other industrialized countries

20. POPULATION GROWTH

23. WOMEN & CHILDREN Women & Children now part of work force. - 9 is min. age to work. Paid half what a man gets. Bad working conditions led to a Socialism movement. Believed in equality of all people. Children ages 9-13= 8 hour days Children 13-18 = 12 hour days. Women are expected to work until they get married

24. LABOR UNION An organization of workers (from the same group) formed to bargain with employers for better pay and working conditions

25. TRADE UNIONS (PROFESSIONS) Workers unite to improve working conditions. Go on “ Strike “ to get demands met. Most common demands: 1.) higher wages 2.) better working conditions 3.) right to collective bargaining

26. ASSEMBLY LINE Industrial arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers for continuous flow of work pieces in mass production operations. All movement of material is simplified, with no cross flow, backtracking, or repetitious procedure. Work assignments, numbers of machines, and production rates are programmed so that all operations along the line are compatible. Henry Ford gets this idea from watching work at hog kill factories.

27. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CLASSES Industrial Middle Class – made up of: Factory Builders Salespeople from factories Machine makers Factory Managers Industrial Working Class – Landholding peasants and farm laborers.

28. EUROPEAN MIDDLE CLASS Hard working – “hard work equals good results.” Regular churchgoers Believed in Christian morality

29. ECONOMIES Command Economy - A system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods should be produced, how much should be produced and the price at which the goods will be offered for sale Economic System in which the means of production are publicly owned and economic activity is controlled by a central authority Authority assigns quantitative production goals and allots raw materials to productive enterprises Prices are also set by the central planners

30. ECONOMIES Market Economy An economic system in which economic decisions and the pricing of goods and services are guided solely by the aggregate interactions of a country's citizens and businesses and there is little government intervention or central planning. Most of the means of production are privately owned, production is guided and income is distributed largely through the operation of markets. Traced back to Mercantilism

31. ECONOMIES Mixed Economy Allows a level of private economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims There are elements of both public and private enterprise