1. Joint Injuries Arthritis By: Alessandro Iunni, Simon Da Silva, and Dylan Mugford

2. Definition/Description of Arthritis ● Arthritis is a very painful disease caused by inflammation and stiffness of the joints. ● Arthritis is a very broad term referring to joint pain or joint disease. There are more than 100 different types of arthritis. Some can include: Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Psoriatic arthritis. ● Osteoarthritis: This is the most popular form of arthritis. When your joints are overused, this is the “wear and tear” that happens. This form of arthritis occurs with age and obesity. Your body can no longer absorb shock, and the cartilage starts to break down when you have Osteoarthritis.

3. Continued … ● Rheumatoid Arthritis: ‘RA’ is an autoimmune disease. This means that the immune system will attack your joints. This leads to inflammation which can cause severe joint damage. The battle between your immune system and joints can start to spread to other parts of the body. Essentially your immune system becomes “confused” after being infected with a bacteria or virus and starts to attack your joints. ● Psoriatic Arthritis: This condition usually involves inflammation of the skin(psoriasis) and joints (arthritis). The skin becomes patchy, raised, red, and white areas of inflamed skin with scales. It usually affects the tips of the elbows and knees, the scalp, the navel, and skin around the genital areas or anus. This type of arthritis is equally common among men and women and usually starts between the ages of 30 and 50, however it can start as early as childhood. The skin disease is usually the first to show up.

4. Osteoarthritis

5. Rheumatoid Arthritis

6. Psoriatic Arthritis (psoriasis)

7. ● Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints that can affect one joint or multiple joints. ● If you don't already know what cartilage is, it is a firm but flexible connective tissue in your joints. It protects the joints by absorbing the pressure created when you move. Cartilage also protects the joints when they are under stress. ● What causes arthritis? A reduction (devaluation) in the normal amount of cartilage tissue causes some forms of arthritis. ● Most types of arthritis are caused by a combination of many factors working together, however some arthritis conditions have no obvious cause and appear to be unpredictable when coming into view. Cause of Arthritis

8. Continued … ● Some of the main causes of arthritis are: injury, inheritance, infections, and immune system dysfunction such as in Rheumatoid Arthritis. ● Some people may be more susceptible to certain arthritic conditions due to their genetic makeup than others. Previous injury, infection, smoking and physically demanding occupations, can interact with a person's genes to further increase the risk of arthritis.

9. Effects on Sports Performance ● Since arthritis is the inflammation and stiffness of the joints, and that your bodies cartilage can start to break down, there are a few things that can happen. ● Arthritis can start to affect a person’s mobility because the joints become weak which makes it much more difficult to perform to your full potential. ● Mobility is a huge part of participating in sports, so the lack of mobility that comes with arthritis can have a very negative effect on one’s sports performance. ● Arthritis can affect both arm and leg joints, which are main components of fitness and any type of physical activity. When these joints become weak it becomes very difficult to participate without having pain, which leads to a decrease in sports performance.

10. Treatment/Rehabilitation of Arthritis ● There are three main types of treatment for Arthritis. They are… ● Arthritis Medication: There are three main types of arthritis medication, Analgesics, which are a form of pain relievers, to help the pain of arthritis. There are Biologics, which are made from living organisms that help the body's natural response to Arthritis. Finally there are DMARDs which stands for “ Disease- modifying antirheumatic drug, these slow or stop the inflammation of the joints, which in turn slows down the amount of damage that is being done.

11. Treatment Continued … Joint Surgery: This is where surgery is done to completely replace or to fix the eroded cartilage caused by arthritis. This king of surgery can be done on my on the joints including your knee and hip. Natural Arthritis Treatment: This kind of treatment doesn’t completely get rid of arthritis but is just a temporary pain reliever and can be used if only a quick fix is needed. Natural Arthritis treatments shouldn’t be used for long term relief because the pain will keep increasing.

12. Rehabilitation Rehabilitation is the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after illness. There really is no cure for arthritis, however symptoms can be mitigated (to keep under control). Some of these strategies are: - Relative Rest- Strengthening Exercises - Exercise- Aerobic Conditioning - Stretching- Cryotherapy

13. Prevention of Arthritis There is no short term or long term prevention of arthritis, just prevention in general. There are many ways to prevent arthritis, here are some… Weight Control: Try to keep your body’s weight average to avoid putting the joints under more stress than necessary. Exercise: This helps build the muscles around the joints which can protect them from wear and tear. Avoid Injury: Arthritis takes control over time, so if you injure a joint it will speed up the process and cause whichever joint to wear out more quickly.

14. Arthritis Test On Paper...

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