1. Microbiology

2. Founders 1.Pasteur a. Pasteurization- method to inactivate or kill microorganisms that grow rapidly in milk

3. Microbiology 2. Robert Koch a. Proved that a specific microbe caused a specific disease b. Studied anthrax in mice

4. Microbiology Germ Theory of Disease 1. Collaboration of scientists to prove that infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that can spread from one organism to another Pg

5. Microbiology 2.Pathogens – disease-causing organisms or viruses (bacteria, protists, worms, fungi, viruses) 3.Acceptance of theory has improved health practices and decrease of foodborne illness 4.Development of vaccinations

6. The steps of Koch's postulates used to relate a specific microorganism to a specific disease. (a) Microorganisms are observed in a sick animal and (b) cultivated in the lab. (c) The organisms are injected into a healthy animal, and (d) the animal develops the disease. (e) The organisms are observed in the sick animal and (f) reisolated in the lab.

7. Viruses

8. Intro video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGS hQ

9. Viruses 1.NON-LIVING (not made of cells) 2.Structure = 2 parts a. Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA) b. Protein Coat (Capsid)

10. Virus Parts Nucleic Acid Protein Coat Virus

11. Viruses Bacteriophage HIV

13. Viruses 3. Can reproduce only inside a living cell, the host cell

14. Viruses 4.Viral Reproductive Process a. A virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell. b. The viral genetic material takes control of the host cell and uses it to produce more viruses. c. The newly formed viruses are released from the host cell. Pg

15. Attach to Host Cell Insert Nucleic Acid Make New Virus Parts Assembly Release of New Viruses (lyse of host cell)

16. Viruses are incredibly small

17. Antibiotics vs. Medicine

18. Bacteria Living Eliminated through antibiotics Can be viewed through a compound microscope Composed of cells Virus Non-living Eliminated through vaccines Smaller than bacteria cells Composed of DNA and Protein coat

19. Compound MicroscopeElectron Microscope Non-Living Nucleic AcidAntibiotics Used Pathogens Common Cold Strep Throat Flu

25. Virus SOL Questions 3. Viruses are made up of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a coating of protein. When the two main substances that make up a virus are broken into smaller fragments, these fragments are — F fatty acids and amino acids G amino acids and simple sugars H amino acids and nucleotides J fatty acids and glycerol

26. 6. An organism that causes infections in plants and animals, but cannot be seen with a light microscope similar to that used in a high school biology course, is most likely a — A virus B bacterium C fungus D protozoan

27. 7. Which of these could be successfully treated with antibiotics? A Common cold B Influenza C HIV D Strep throat

28. 8. Which of these could not be a virus?

29. 9. A certain virus causes a disease of the digestive system. What is the most likely source of this virus? A Air B Soil C Water D Insects

30. 10. An important difference between viruses and living cells is that viruses — A cannot reproduce outside of cells _ B contain more nuclei than cells C cannot mutate but cells can D need an energy source but cells do not

31. 14. Which characteristic do viruses possess in common with living cells? A They contain a nucleus and organelles. B They make their own food. C They contain nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA. D They are inactive outside the body of living cells.

32. 17. What do viruses need to reproduce? A Other viruses B Host organisms C A nutrient medium D An enzyme solution