1. Organic Molecules The most common organic molecules in living organisms are Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

2. Carbohydrate

3. Carbohydrates are made of

4. Carbohydrate Monomer: Monosaccharide: the simplest carbohydrate.

5. Carbohydrate Polymer: Polysaccharides: the larger carbohydrates. **Polysaccharides are simple sugars (Monosaccharides) linked together by covalent bonds.

6. Carbohydrate Carbohydrates serve two main functions: 1. They are used by living organisms as the primary source of energy (ATP) 2. They have structural purposes for plants (CELL WALLS).

7. Carbohydrate Ex. Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Cellulose

8. Carbohydrate **Whenever we eat, the carbohydrates in the food are broken down to release the energy that can be used immediately by the body. Carbohydrates that are not used immediately are stored as Lipids or FATS

9. Lipids

10. Fats (Lipids) are also made of

11. Lipids Monomer: One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules Polymer: Lipid

12. Lipids Lipid Functions: 1. Can be used to store energy, but they are used for LONG-TERM energy storage. 2. Waxes are used as waterproof coverings on leaves, skin or fur. 3. Structural purpose for cell membranes (Phospholipids) 4. Steroids are chemical messengers (hormones)

13. Lipids **One important characteristic: they are generally not soluble in water, meaning they will not dissolve in water.

14. Lipids EX: fats, waxes, phospholipids, oils, or steroids Essential Fatty Acids: Omega 3 and Omega 6

15. New Info.: Organic Molecule Form by covalent bonds MUST HAVE BOTH Carbon and Hydrogen Found in Living Organisms Are used for Energy, Structural Components, Enzymes, and Genetic Information Examples: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins

16. Protein The “R” group changes depending on the type of amino acid.

18. Proteins Proteins are made up of

19. Proteins Monomer: Amino Acids

20. Proteins Polymer: Polypeptide- amino acids joined together by a covalent bond called a peptide bond. (Amino Acid Chain)

21. Proteins There are many types of proteins, and they have a lot of different functions: 1. They form the main structural components of skeletal muscle, skin cartilage, tendons, ligaments, horns, bone hair, and feathers 2. They may be highly specialized as enzymes

22. Proteins Examples Alanine Valine Leucine Proline Lysine

23. Proteins Are NOT USED FOR ENERGY; They are used for constructing your body.

24. Get out your Notes from Yesterday.

25. Nucleic Acids

26. Nucleic Acids contain

27. Nucleic Acids Monomer: Nucleotides

28. Nucleic Acids Monomer: each nucleotide has three parts ________________ _____________

29. Nucleic Acids Polymer: DNA and RNA

30. Nucleic Acids Two different types of Nucleic Acids and their function: 1. Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA): forms genes that responsible for storing and sending genetic information from one generation to the next in living organisms. 2. Ribonucleic acid (RNA): the main function is protein synthesis