1. Global Center for Advance Learning (GCAL) Chemistry Science & Technology Presenter: David Kim McCreight, Eastern High School Physics Teacher

2. Agenda Brief Bio “Ten Unsolved Mysteries” in Chemistry (Scientific American, 10/2011) Demos Resource books Future Science and Technology Raffles

3. Brief Bio Eastern High School Physics Teacher Lansing Community College (LCC) Physics Instructor MSU Physics of Atomic Nuclei (PAN) staff MSU Visiting International Professional Program (VIPP) staff

4. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry, Scientific Am, 10/2011. How Did Life Begin? How Do Molecules Form? How Does the Environment Influence Our Genes? How Does the Brain Think and Form Memories? How Many Elements Exist? Can Computers Be Made Out of Carbon?

5. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry How Do We Tap More Solar Energy? What Is the Best Way to Make Biofuels? Can We Devise New Ways to Create Drugs? Can We Continuously Monitor Our Own Chemistry?

6. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 1: How Did Life Begin? –About 4 Billion years ago –Primordial broth or soup to complex compounds –Complex compounds began to process energy and replicate; –Inanimate matter was able to self replicate and become self-sustaining –“At the molecular level…chemical reactions, which makes the question of how life began [is] one of chemistry.” Primordial Soup lifeorgin.com

7. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 1: How Did Life Begin?, cont. –Does life only come from water? NASA past 16 years of probing the solar system and discovery or extrasolar planets so divergent variety that may indicate water is not limiting factor. –Does life depend upon DNA, RNA, and protein? Not necessarily requiring nucleic acid as a precursor. Only need is a “…molecular system that can serve as a template for making copies and then detach itself.”

8. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 2: How Do Molecules Form? –Moving from a stick and ball model to molecular orbital model (s, p, sp, d, and f orbitals) or molecular geometry Molecular Stick and Ball Model footage.shutterstock.com s, p, and d Orbital Model toplivo.ru Orbital Geometry Configurations wps.prenhall.com

9. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 2: How Do Molecules Form? cont. –Bond types (ionic, metallic, covalent, -nonpolar and polar covalent, hydrogen) –All structural theories and bonding have limitations Bonding Configuration Decision Tree dub4.unl.edu Buckyball and covalent bonding understandingnano.com

10. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry Google Images, 6/19/13 3: How Does the Environment Influence Our Genes? –What genes you have and what genes you use determine who you are. –Epigenetics determine if genes can revert mature cells back to being pluripotent cells due to environmental influences. What chemicals and chemical reactions control epigentics is still unclear.

11. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NM DA_receptor, 6/19/13 4: How Does the Brain Think and Form Memories? –Neurotransmitters and synapses are responsible for flight or fight responses and memory. Declarative memory (e.g., people, places, actions, etc.) involve NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate ) receptor on certain neurons.

12. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry Google Animation of synapses, 6/19/13 5: How Does the Brain Think and Form Memories? –Long term memory for simple and complex learning is done by switching on genes regulated by proteins called prions. Prions can change shape and can become soluble and insoluble depending on conformation Scientist do not know how memory works: how is it recalled by what chemical and pathway.

13. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry Google Images: Periodic Table 6: How Many Elements Exist? –90 occur in nature; 118 known elements –“Superheavy” can have more protons and/or neutrons (e.g., Seaborgium with 106 protons, Hassium with 108, etc.) last a fraction of a second

14. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry How Many Elements Exist? cont. –Simple calculations show limit to be 137. –More complex calculations show no upper limit. –MSU’s NSCL looks at the Proton and Neutron drip line as well as creating exotic or rare isotopes. NSCL website: Chart of Nuclei

15. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 6: Can Computers Be Made Out of Carbon? –Computer chips made out of graphene could be faster and more powerful than Si-based computers. Google Images: Graphene’s Uses Google ImagesGraphene Strength,, extremetech.com

16. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 6: Can Computers Be Made Out of Carbon?, cont. –Carbon nanotube (off shoot of the Buckeyball) have not done well in commercial applications. Not able to use them in complicated circuit boards. Maybe more hype than science Google Images: Buckminsterfullerene or Buckeyball, godunov.com Google Images: Nanotube and Buckeyball,, thefutureofthings.com

17. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 7: How Do We Tap More Solar Power? –We tap only small fraction of clean energy from the sun. –Cost is the limiting factor Google Images: Solar Panel,, howstuffworks.com

18. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry, cont. 7: How Do We Tap More Solar Power? –We are trying to use sunlight to produce fuels (this is the holygrail.) Making fuel from solar energy, split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas requires expensive Co catalyst. We need to mimic nature like photosynthesis like plants Google Images: Photosynthesis, howstuffworks.com

19. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 8: What Is The Best Way To Make Biofuels? –Instead of trying to get fuel from the sun directly, we let plants collect it and then get the fuel from the plants in form of ethanol and other forms. –Creating biofuel from corn “…threatens to displace food crop” Google Images: Biofuel from Corn, snowyoctomber.blogspot.com

20. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 8: What Is The Best Way To Make Biofuels? –Selling biofuel abroad is more lucrative than feeding people; turning food into energy may not be best global hunger –Use agriculture (e.g., switch grass) and forest residues for biomass. –Challenge is how to covert solid biomass to liquid for transport and breaking down lignin (found in wood) Google Images: Biofuel from tall grass, ngm.nationalgeographic.com

21. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 9: Can We Devise New Ways to Create New Drugs? The business of chemistry is to make molecules to make materials and drugs. –“Combi-chem” method produced very little. Google Images: Combinational Chemistry, chem3513-2007.pbworks.com

22. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 9: Can We Devise New Ways to Create New Drugs? –Molecules be link to DNA to create a “Bar Code” to find the few good ones from the “Combi-chem” method. –Another way could be done like protein synthesis. Google Images: DNA “Bar Code: Molecules, www.combichem.co.uk

23. Unsolved Mysteries in Chemistry 10: Can We Continuously Monitor Our Own Chemistry? –The goal should not be just to make molecules, but to get them to communicate with us and each other (information technology). Interfacing with cells, computers, and fiber-optics. –Chemical sensing could have unlimited applications (e.g., atmosphere, biomedical, etc.)

24. Demos Topology/ Borromean Rings -Halonuclei Alka-seltzer and film canister. Lava Lamp. Egg and Milk Bottle Air Cannon/Mechanical Waves Fog Maker and Smoke Ring Google Images; Borromean Rings; www.texample.net/ Google Images; Halo Nuclei; www.kernchemie.uni-main.de/

25. Possible Future Technologies Video on New Technology (Tech Support)

26. Possible Future Technologies Video on 3 D Printer

27. Possible Future Technologies Video on Sixth Sense Technology 2013

28. Possible Future Technologies Future Technology in 2014.

29. Possible Future Technologies New Songdo City, South Korea (2020)? –http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2uzo- xzta0 (play video)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2uzo- xzta0

30. Cell Phones Possible Future Technologies Flex iPhone; itechfuture.com/ Facebook Phone; itechfuture.com/ Samsung Cell Phone; itechfuture.com/ Phone Pen; itechfuture.com/ All Weather Phone; itechfuture.com/

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36. Possible Future Technologies Cameras Concept Candid Camera Sling Shot; itechfuture.com/ Concept Camera Stella; itechfuture.com/ Future Photograph in a really Small Lens; itechfuture.com/

37. Possible Future Technologies Future Fast Food in 2020; itechfuture.com/ Kitchen life in the future; itechfuture.com/ Concept a flying washing machine 2050; itechfuture.com/

38. Questions and Send Off Always question everything, -Albert Einstein Chemistry is everywhere!