1. Land and Poverty Conference 2016 Scaling up Responsible Land Governance 14-18 March, 2016 | Washington, DC Naomi Kabanda1: Harrison Irumba1; Samuel Mabikke2; Danilo Antonio2; Lowie Rosales Kawasaki2 Paper prepared for the presentation at the “2016 WORLD BANK CONFRENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY The World Bank – Washington DC, March 14-18, 2016 Highlights from a Gender Perspective : Multi-stakeholder Actions to Enhance Gender and Women's Land Rights In Land Policy Formulation and Implementation In Uganda

2. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME 1.Demographics on Uganda 2.Uganda’s Land Tenure System 3.Background Information on Uganda's Land Sector 4.Uganda’s National Land Policy 2013 5.Background information to Women’s Land Rights 6.Multi- stake holder actions to enhance gender and women's land rights in Policy Formulation and Implementation 7.Conclusion STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION UGANDA

3. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME DEMOGRAPHICS ON UGANDA UGANDA Population The current population stands at 35.9 million Uganda has one of the highest population growth rate at 3.24% per annum Expected to double by 2050 Majority of the population is below the age of 45 years and live in rural areas Agriculture is the main source of livelihood. Land in Uganda is a major factor of production the most important resource for rural women and men Women contribute more than 70% of labor in agriculture Only 20% of Uganda’s land is registered

4. Tenure SystemCharacteristics Leasehold tenure Land is held for a given period of time Terms and conditions are agreed upon by the lessor and lessee. Payment of premium and ground rent. Mailo tenure The tenure is treated more or less as freehold land tenure. Land is held in perpetuity History and roots of allotment vested in the British colonial system by virtue of 1990 Uganda Agreement Freehold tenure land is held in perpetuity History and roots of allotment vested in the British colonial system Subject to statutory and common law tenure. Customary tenure Regulated by customary rules and traditions of the area. Constitutes over 80% and in some areas 90%. Mostly unregistered.

5. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME BACKGROUND INFORMATION TO UGANDA'S LAND SECTOR UGANDA Uganda has over the last decades adopted a series of macro-policy instruments to enhance land sector activities including 1995 constitution, the Nation Development Plan NDP 1&2, Uganda's National Vision 2040 and the Uganda National Policy 2013 All these instruments mandate government to make land reforms to facilitate faster acquisition of land for planned urbanization, infrastructure development and agricultural commercialization among other developments

6. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME BACKGROUND INFORMATION TO UGANDA'S LAND SECTOR UGANDA NATIONAL LAND POLICY 2013 NATIONAL LAND POLICY 2013 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN I & II The NDP Stipulates the country’s medium term strategic direction, development priorities and implementation strategies. The thrust of NDP II is to propel the country to middle income status in the next 5 years through prioritizing investment in 5 key growth drivers with the greatest multiplier effect as identified in the Uganda vision 2040 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN I & II The NDP Stipulates the country’s medium term strategic direction, development priorities and implementation strategies. The thrust of NDP II is to propel the country to middle income status in the next 5 years through prioritizing investment in 5 key growth drivers with the greatest multiplier effect as identified in the Uganda vision 2040 1995 Constitution \.Article 237, land belongs to the citizens of uganda Land is held according to four tenure systems Land is a decentralized function Management is by Uganda Land Commission( government Land) District Land Boards. All natural resources are vested in the state( Art 244) Art 33, 34 and 35 outlaw discrimination against women VISION 2040 Vision 2040 was developed to operationalize the Country’s vision statement, Uganda vision 2040 builds on the progress that has been made in addressing the strategic bottlenecks that have constrained Uganda’s socio-economic development since her independence It is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country VISION 2040 Vision 2040 was developed to operationalize the Country’s vision statement, Uganda vision 2040 builds on the progress that has been made in addressing the strategic bottlenecks that have constrained Uganda’s socio-economic development since her independence It is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country

7. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME UGANDA’S NATIONAL LAND POLICY FEBRUARY 2013: OVERVIEW AND KEY HIGHLIGHTS INTRODUCTION Uganda’s National Land Policy was approved by Cabinet in February 2013 to provide the framework for: Articulating the role of land in national development; Land ownership; Land distribution; Land utilization, alienability, management and control. The Vision of the National Land Policy is “a transformed Ugandan society through optimal use and management of land resources for a prosperous and industrialized economy with a developed services sector.” The Goal of the NLP is “to ensure efficient, equitable and optimal utilization and management of Uganda’s land resources for poverty reduction, wealth creation, and overall socio-economic development

8. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES OF THE NLP UGANDA  Stimulate the contribution of the land sector to overall socio-economic development, wealth creation and poverty reduction in Uganda.  Harmonise and streamline the complex tenure regimes in Uganda for equitable access to land and security of tenure  Ensure planned, environmentally-friendly, affordable, and orderly development of human settlements for both rural and urban areas, including infrastructure development.  Harmonize all land-related policies and laws, and strengthen institutional capacity at all levels of Government and cultural institutions for sustainable management of land resources.  Reform and streamline land rights administration to ensure the efficient, effective, and equitable delivery of land services  Redress historical injustice to protect the land rights of groups and communities marginalized by history or on the basis of gender, religion, ethnicity, and other forms of vulnerability to achieve balanced growth and social equity.

9. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME BACKGROUND INFORMATION TO WOMEN'S LAND RIGHTS UGANDA Uganda is an agricultural country, with agriculture contributing to over 20% of the country's GDP. Women constitute almost 83% as primary producers contributing between 70-75% of agricultural production. However only 20% of women own land. About 80% of Uganda’s land is still held under customary tenure The most predominant way Ugandans acquire and own land is through inheritance and succession. Uganda's legal system is pluralistic (statutory law exists side by side with customary law which is unwritten) Both the Constitution 1995 and the Land Act 1998 outlaw all customs, traditions and practices that discriminate against women. The Uganda National Land Policy 2013 has proposed a number of actions to enhance gender and women’s Land rights in the NLP Implementation Action Plan 2015-2018.

10. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME KEY HIGHLIGHTS AND PRIORITY AREAS OF THE NATIONAL LAND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ACTION PLAN (IAP) FY15/16-17/18 UGANDA  The 3- year costed Implementation Action Plan packages all actions/ activities into a comprehensive program of land reform.  The IAP draws out these Priority Areas of engagement based on an assessment of the legislative, financial, institutional, personnel and infrastructure requirements for the sector  The phased approach was necessary because land reforms are expensive and take a long time- hence the cost of delay or inaction would cost the country both in socio-economic and political terms.  One of the key priority areas identified under the IAP is Strengthen women’s land rights – in relation to ownership and access  A number of actions and activities have been proposed and will be implemented to achieve that objective.

11. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME MULTI STAKE HOLDER ACTIONS TO ENHANCE GENDER AND WOMEN'S LAND RIGHTS IN LAND POLICY FORMULATION PROCESSES UGANDA Involvement of stake holder groups in the formulation process must be Key on the agenda to give all stakeholder groups a clear focus on vulnerable groups Advocacy, lobbying,Public awareness and civic education on women's land rights must be emphasized to avoid formulating a Land policy which is gender blind. Using good communication and engaging Media houses to give clear messages at all times throughout the formulation process must be done at all times during the processes Carrying out Studies to identify gender issues and gaps to be addressed by the land policy on laws and policies that discriminate against women Creating champions (men and women) who can speak and spearhead reforms is key Building networks by having professional who can memoranda to drafting committees Participation in the delegates conference to build consensus

12. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME MULTI STAKE HOLDER ACTIONS TO ENHANCE GENDER AND WOMEN’S LAND RIGHTS IN LAND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION UGANDA Preparation of an implementation Action Plan which clearly maps out gender main streaming Defining roles, responsibilities and mandates of each key stakeholder group for purposes of Streamlining roles for continuous stakeholder buy- in. Building consensus with all stakeholder groups to disseminate the NLP Advocacy and lobbying for review of land related laws that discriminate against women Continuous capacity building for all stakeholders on gender and women’s land rights Building strong partnerships/ networks with education institutions in order to improve knowledge on WLTs

13. GLTN BRIEFING AND PROGRAMME CONCLUSION UGANDA In conclusion, I wish to state that successful Multi stakeholder participation in land policy formulation and Implementation of the Land policies will highly depend on consensus building, defining roles and mandates and continuous buy- in by the key stakeholder groups. Resource mobilization and support for this process. Continuous public debate, sensitization and awareness campaign to popularize the policy and; Putting in place an M& E system to monitor progress and giving feedback on the implementation processes.