1. Judicial Branch

2. The US Has a Dual Court System The 2 Systems? State Federal This duality reflects what principle of government?

3. Judicial Branch The US Courts Have Dual Roles The 2 Roles? Settle Disputes Interpret laws

4. Judicial Branch The only court established by the constitution is the US Supreme Court

5. Judicial Branch The Supreme Court has ___ Members

6. Judicial Branch The court has one Chief Justice, John Roberts and 8 Associate Justices

7. Judicial Branch Approved by the? Justices are appointed by the ? &

8. Judicial Branch Justices are appointed for_________ & can be removed via ___________- carried out by????

9. Judicial Branch Vocab… Jurisdiction: authority to hear and try a case Original Jurisdiction: authority to hear a case first (jury trials, finders of fact) Appellate Jurisdiction: authority to hear a case on appeal

10. Appeals Courts Appellate judges decide if there has been an error in the application of the law at the lower court. Applellate judges can make 3 decisions: Uphold lower court’s decision Overturn lower court’s decision Order new trial

11. Jurisdiction 2 sources of federal cases 1.Federal Question Ex: Suing the US, breaking federal law, ships, air

12. Jurisdiction 2 sources of federal cases 2.Diversity of Citizenship Ex: Citizens of different states if over $75,000; two or more states

13. Judicial Branch US Supreme Court 13 US AppealsUS Appeals 94 US District Courts-trial courts State Supreme Courts State Appeals Courts Local State Courts-trial courts

14. Circuit Courts of Appeals

16. Judicial Branch  4 justices must agree to review a case  Lawyers for each side submit briefs & others submit amicus curiae briefs to sway justices  Court hears oral arguments Supreme Court Procedures  Justices meet privately to discuss case

17. Judicial Branch Supreme Court Procedures Factors considered:  legal precedents  Interpretation of Constitution  Political philosophy  Public opinion Factors considered:  legal precedents  Interpretation of Constitution strict v. broad  Political philosophy  Public opinion

18. Judicial Branch Supreme Court Procedures The Decision: Majority rules 5-4 6- 3 7-2 8-1 9-0 1 judge writes the majority opinion & one writes the dissenting opinion; others can submit concurring opinions

19. Judicial Branch Supreme Court Procedures How can a Supreme Court Decision be reversed?????? 5-4 6- 3 7-2 8-1 9-0

20. Judicial Branch Judicial Review is the court’s power to determine the constitutionality of a law or Presidential act JR was established by John Marshall’s ruling in Marbury v. Madison, 1803

21. Judicial Branch The Judiciary, the 3rd branch of government, completes the separation of powers & adds a third dimension to checks and balances