1. Acids and Bases

2. Acid: Any substance that gives a H + ion when dissolved in water. –Results in an excess of H 3 O + (hydronium) ions in a solution

3. –Feels like water

4. –Tastes sour or tart Ascorbic Acid: Vitamin C Ex. lemons, limes, and oranges

5. –Metals can dissolve in acids –Ex. HCl (Hydrochloric Acid)

7. –Strong Acids are good conductors of electricity (electrolytes)

9. Bases: any substance that accepts H + ions when dissolved in water. –Results in an excess of OH - (hydroxide ions)

10. –Tastes bitter

11. –Feels slippery

12. –Ex: NaOH (sodium hydroxide) –Ex: chlorine, bleach, soap, shampoo, drano

13. Neutralization: Occurs when acids and bases are combined

14. –NaOH + HCl  Na+OH+H+Cl H+OH  H 2 O (water) Na + Cl  NaCl (salt)

15. –When acids and bases combine they form a water and a salt

16. Indicators: used to indicate if a substance is an acid or a base –Ex. Litmus paper

17. –Red litmus paper turns blue when dipped in a base –Blue litmus paper turns red when dipped in acid

18. pH scale: a scale that is used to measure the intensity of an acid or base

19. –The scale goes from 0-14

21. –Acids: –0-6 (strong acid=1 weak acid=5)

22. –Neutral: 7 ex. Water

23. –Bases: 8-14 Weak base = 8 Strong base = 14