1. Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West Stearns Chapter 27

2. Chapter Summary  Russia and Japan were able to largely repel imperialism but both were still influenced in ways by Europe/foreigners  By the end of the 19 th century, each had launched industrial efforts and joined the imperialist scramble  Industrialization, however, impacted each differently  Russia was hit by a rebellion and revolution  Japan isolated itself from the rest of Asia and interacted with the West ot develop while maintaining its identity

3. Russia’s Reforms and Industrial Advance

5. Russia Before Reform  Anti-Westernization backlash following Napoleon’s invasion, 1812  “Holy Alliance” (1815)  Romanticism grows because of nationalism  Decembrist Revolt, 1825 suppressed by Nicholas I Decembrist Revolt  Russia avoids revolutions in 1830, 1848  Territorial expansion at the expense of the Ottomans, Poland

6. Economic and Social Problems: The Peasant Question  Russia relied on agriculture  Pushed peasant class to make more exports  few Western goods paraded around by aristocracy  Crimean War, 1854 – 1856  West wins with Industrial advantage  Tsar Alexander II saw it was time for a change

7. The Reform Era and Early Industrialization  Emancipation of the serfs, 1861  Serfs able to buy land – gained no political power  Taxes were HIGH  Migration to cities – productivity stagnant

8. Alexander II Reforms  Reforms of 1860s, 1870s  Zemstvoes  Military reform  Some educational reform  Industrialization  Trans-Siberian Railway  Count Sergei Witte  High tariffs  Improved banking system  Western investment

9. Protest and Revolution in Russia

10. The Road to Revolution  Intelligentsia – radical educated group  Tired of Russia slow development  Political freedom and deep social reform BUT maintain Russian culture  Anarchists – opposed to tsarist autocracy  Growth of terrorist threat

11. Assassination of Alexander II

12. Leadership dwindles…  Increase industrialization with no political reform  Repression against:  Minority nationalities – Poles and Ukraines  Russian language forced  Large Jewish repression

13. Pogroms of the Russian Crown

14. Road to Revolution  Marxism rises  Vladimir Iilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) and the Bolsheviks  Working-class unrest grew intelligentsia Tsarist regime Rural peasants Urban workers

15. The Revolution of 1905  Military defeat for Russia  Russo-Japanese War  Fear of Overexpansion  Tsar answers mass demands:  Duma  Syolypin Reforms

16. Discussion Questions: Russia  Describe Russian reform and industrialization from 1861 to 1900.  What were the forces leading to revolution in Russia by 1905?

17. Japan: Transformation without Russia

18. The Final Decades of the Shogunate  Failing because  Regional alliances  Tax only agricultural products  Stipend pay to samurai  Traditional v. reform (western)  Rural riots  Secular in form  Terakoya Schools  NATIONALISM  Confucianism  Reading, writing

19. The Challenge to Isolation  Commodore Matthew Perry, 1853  Emperor brought out of religious isolation  Samurai attack foreigners  Mutsuhito pushes for reforms

20. Meiji Reform of Japan  Abolished feudalism  Satsuma Rebellion  Final Samurai Uprising, 1877  Expanded state power  Expand bureaucracy  Diet (Parliament)  Emperor Commands Military

21. Meiji Reform of Japan, con’t  Expand domestic development  State sponsored industrialization  Private enterprise helps economy – textile, monopolies formed  Difficult transition  Prevent conflict with West

22. Social Effects of Industrialization  Increased Class Tension  Schooling  Science, technical, loyalty  State censored  Embraced some of the West  Ignored some of the West  Religion  Etiquette (or lack of)

23. Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization  New expansive militarization  Ignore domestic issues  Samurai rehired as army  Build resources (like America in WWI)  Sino-Japanese War, 1894  Easily won  Boxer Rebellion, 1900  Russo-Japanese War, 1904  winning

25. Russo-Japanese War

26. The Strain of Modernization  Urbanization  All the good and bad  Conservatives v. liberals  Political divisions  Emperor v. Diet  Solution  NATIONALISM  “yellow peril” – fear of Westerners

27. Discussion Questions: Japan  Describe Japanese reform and industrialization from 1853 to 1900.  What social and economic changes took place in Japan as a result of industrialization?

28. Compare and Contrast Industrialization in Russia and Japan RussiaJapan