1. Chapter 14

3. Unrest in Russia  People were not treated well  Throughout 1800s tensions increased- 1881 Alexander II was assassinated  He was working for reforms but they were not happening fast enough for many people…  Czars returned to absolutism…

4. Problems in Russia 1880s- 1917 (Group Work)  Concept Web  Autocratic Rule  Alexander III  Nicholas II  Industrialization  Russian Crises 1904-1916  Marxist Revolutionaries  Russo-Japanese War  Bloody Sunday  WWI

5. The February/March Revolution 1917  Female textile workers in Petrograd led citywide strike- 5 days of riots over bread and fuel  200,000 workers called for end of gov’t and WWI  Soldiers sided with them  Czar abdicated throne; Duma est. provisional gov’t - continues w/ WWI  People become more radical- Soviets formed (local council of all peoples)

6. Bolshevik Revolution “Peace, Land, Bread”  October/November 1917- workers “Bolshevik Red Guards” storm Winter Palace in Petrograd, arrest provisional gov’t  Lenin and Bolsheviks take over gov’t  Farmland given to peasants  Control of factories went to workers  Signed truce w/ Germany  March 1918- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk  Gave some Russian land to Germany  Outraged many Russians (also angry over idea of killing the former czar and his family)

7. Civil War in Russia 1918-1920  White Army vs. Red Army  Red Army- Bolsheviks  White Army- various groups: socialists opposed to Lenin, democracy, czar rtn  Barely cooperated  Several nations supported them- including U.S.  3 yrs later Reds won- 14 million dead from war and famine

8. Lenin in Charge  New Economic Policy (NEP)  Small-scale capitalism- peasants sell surplus instead of sending to gov’t; some factories, businesses and farmers private  Major companies- gov’t controlled  Encouraged foreign investment  By 1928 economy improving to pre-WWI levels  Politically  Saw nationalism as a bad thing  1922-Russia named USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)  Bolsheviks became Communist Party

9. Lenin dies  1922- stroke; creates competition in party over next leader  Leon Trotsky vs Joseph Stalin  Lenin dies 1924

11. Answer it…  Imagine what it would be like to not have the freedom to choose what you buy, wear, eat, or even where you work. What would you miss the most and why?

12. Jigsaw  Stalin and Totalitarianism activity

13. Answer the EQ  What were the characteristics of Stalin’s totalitarian rule of Russia?

15. Chinese Nationalism  Following Revolution of 1911, China is called a republic  Dr. Sun Yatsen serves as president and head of Nationalist Party  3 Principles of the People  Call for nationalism  Support representative gov’t  Ensure decent living  Dr Sun forced out one year later by military and China watches as warlords fight for power  Dr. Sun dies and Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) takes over and brings China under control by 1928

16.  Rise of Communist Ideas  1917 gov’t in Beijing declared war on Germany- wanted to get back Chinese lands under Germany’s sphere  Treaty of Versailles gave them to Japan  May 1919 students start May Fourth Movement due to anger  Showed desire for strong, modern nation  Many turned to Lenin’s ideas  Biggest challenge to Nationalist Party: rising Communist Party (CCP) formed 1921  At 1 st Nationalist Party extends hand of friendship than in 1927 expels and kills many communists who run for the mountains of SE China

17. Long March  Nationalist Army pursues the CCP in 1934  Mao Zedong, leader of the CCP, has support of many peasants and leads 90,000 on 6000 mile march to remote NW China to escape  Only roughly 7000 make it there

19. Academic Journal writing  Imagine you are on the Long March. Write a diary entry about what you would be experiencing. (must fill 1 page in your academic journal)  You could include thoughts such as:  What would it have been like?  What hardships would you have encountered?  Are any of your friends or family with you?

20. Japanese Invasion  While the Nationalist Army and Communists battled each other Japan moves into Manchuria  In 1937 Japan launches an all-out war on China  The Nationalists and Communists worked together to fight Japan  After the defeat of Japan in 1945 the Communists held Northern China and the Nationalists held the South

22. Background: Unrest in India  After WWI (ends in 1918) Indians increase demands for freedom- Britain had promised them reforms that would lead to self-gov’t  Didn’t happen  1919: British pass Rowlatt Laws limiting freedom of the press and the right for public gatherings and allowed protesters to be jailed for 2 yrs w/o trial  A storm was brewing between Indians and Great Britain

23. Amritsar Massacre  4/13/1919: Gathering of 10,000 to oppose anti-gathering law  British open fire- 379 dead;1100 wounded  Turning point in struggle for freedom

24. Principles of Gandhi “Mahatma”  Satyagraha: nonviolent resistance  Civil Disobedience: refusal to obey unjust laws  Cast off western ways, return to traditional Indians ways

25. Non-cooperation with Britain  Boycotts on British goods  Strikes  Salt March 1930- Gandhi led 240 mile march to the sea to make salt, defies British law  Salt Works protest- led to attacks on demonstrators  60,000 Indians arrested between march and protest  WIN!!! India receives limited self-rule 1935 with the Government of India Act  Fueled Hindu/Muslim tensions

26. Nationalism in SW Asia  Turkey- end of WWI Ottoman Empire diminished to Turkey  1919 Greece invaded Turkey by 1922 leader Mustafa Kemal (named Ataturk “father of the Turks”) led Turks against Greece and Britain; overthrow last Ottoman sultan  Reforms put into place  Separate laws of Islam and the nation  Abolish religious courts and created a new legal system  Women’s suffrage given and could hold political offices  Gov’t funded industrialization

27. Continued…  Iran- after WWI Britain tried to take over Persia which sparks a nationalist revolt  1921 Reza Shah Pahlavi seized power  Reforms  Modernized public schools  Built roads and RRs  Extended women’s rights  Promoted industrial growth  Named country Iran in 1935

28. Continued…  Saudi Arabia  1902 Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud campaigned to unify Arabia  Held firm to Islamic traditions  Some modernization: phones, radios  Oil!  European and U.S. companies discovered deposits in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and they try to dominant the area