1. CIVIL RIGHTS

2. PLESSY v. FERGUSON Passed in the late 19 th century, Plessy v. Ferguson instituted legal SEGREGATION

3. Defacto Segregation Defacto means “in fact” Defacto segregation means that whether there were actual laws about segregation in a southern town, they were still segregated. Not all towns had actual segregation laws.

4. Norris v. Alabama 1935, Blacks were excluded from juries. A rape case showed that a black man could not get a fair trial from an all white jury Norris v. Alabama guaranteed Blacks the right to serve on juries

5. Morgan v. Virginia Struck down segregation on interstate buses in Virginia

6. Sweatt v. Painter This forced the University of Texas Law School to admit Blacks in 1950

7. CORE In 1942, James Farmer formed CORE – The Congress for Racial Equality, to promote integration. It was founded on the principles of non violence created by Ghandi

8. Sit Ins

9. Southern Manifesto The Southern Manifesto written in 1956 by legislators in the Congress opposed to racial integration The manifesto was signed by 101 politicians (99 Democrats and 2 Republicans) from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The document written to opposeup to counter the Brown v. Board of Education, The initial version was written by Strom Thurmond

10. Montgomery Bus Boycott

11. SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference Created by MLK and Fred Shuttlesworth United churches and Christian organizations.

12. Little Rock

13. Jesse Jackson Jesse Jackson was a student in Greensboro, North Carolina when he first participated in the sit ins at the local Woolworth Store.

14. SNCC Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee Formed by Ella Baker in 1959 to get college students involved in the civil rights movement.

15. Voter Education Project From 1962 to 1968, the Voter Education Project (VEP) raised and distributed funds to civil rights organizations for voter education and registration work in the American South

16. Kennedy and Civil Rights

17. 1960 Election During the 1960 election JFK promised to support civil rights if elected. He did not completely make good on his promise because he did not want to offend southern politicians. He moved very slowly at first because he needed the southerners votes in the Congress.

18. Freedom Riders James Farmer formed the Freedom Riders. This was an integrated group of students that were going to challenge southern segregation on interstate buses.

19. Freedom Riders

20. Bull Connor

21. The Justice Department The Kennedy Administration sent John Seigenthaler and other Justice Dept. attornies into the South to file lawsuits and make sure the election laws were obeyed.

22. James Meredith

23. Letter from the Birmingham Jail What MLK is saying in the letter from the Birmingham jail is that there is a higher law than the written law.

24. George Wallace stands in the Schoolhouse Door

25. The March on Washington August 28, 1963

26. Filibuster A filibuster is a political trick used by Congressmen to prevent a bill from being voted on When the bill comes up, someone opposed to the bill asks for a chance to speak In the Congress, as long as you are talking you cannot be interrupted So people opposed to bills would talk and talk and talk until the time for the bill ran out. They would read the Bible, their phone bills, the newspaper, anything. Strom Thurmond held the record, 24 hours, 18 minutes to try to defeat a civil rights bill in 1957

27. The 24 th Amendment The 24 th amendment ended the use of Poll Taxes to prevent African Americans from voting.

28. Selma March The Selma to Montgomery march was in 1965. It marked the political and emotional peak of the civil rights movement. Selma was chosen because African Americans were a majority in the county, but did not vote. The march took place on March 7, 1965 — "Bloody Sunday" — when 600 marchers were attacked by state and local police with billy clubs and tear gas.

29. Civil Rights Act of 1964 1.Made segregation in most public places illegal 2.Segregation was completely removed in restaurants, theaters, parks and libraries 3.The Attorney General had more power to file lawsuits to end segregation in schools and workplaces.

30. Blacks in the Cities By 1965, 70% of all Blacks lived in major cities. This was partly a result of white flight – white families going to the suburbs. In the cities, Blacks occupied low paying jobs and substandard housing. Most slums were ethnic Single parent homes headed by younger women constituted a large percentage. Crime among young Black men rose and the number in prison rose. This later led to a series of riots during the summers of 1966 and 1967

31. Watts The south central section of LA exploded in rioting in the summer of 1966. Police brutality was an issue along with charges of racial prejudice in the police force. The riot lasted 6 days and 34 people were killed.

33. The Civil Rights movement after 1965 1. before 1965, the civil rights movement focused on voting, segregation in the schools and public places 2. after 1965, the focus was on economic issues such as discrimination in workplaces.

34. Kerner Commission

35. Cultural Assimilation Assimilation is when a new culture is taken into a new culture. Assimilation involves gradual change and; full assimilation occurs when new members of a society become indistinguishable from older members. Black Nationalists opposed this because they feared it would destroy Black Pride.

36. Black Muslims The Black Muslims believed that they should maintain a “nation within a nation” and be completely separate from white America The majority of Black Americans did not want this to happen. They believed themselves to be simply Americans.

37. Malcolm X Malcolm X was a petty thief named Malcolm Little. In Prison he converted to the Nation of Islam. It is a standard practice when becoming Black Muslim to take a name to replace your “slave name”.

38. Malcolm X Malcom X became a very popular leader in the Civil Rights movement. His ideas were different from MLK’s but after a trip to Mecca he converted to actual Islam. After the conversion, he started to see a world in which Blacks and Whites could live together. He started to criticize the leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammed. He was assassinated in 1965

39. The Black Panthers

40. The assassination of MLK Memphis Tennessee, April 4 1968

41. The Death of King marks the end of an era. After the assassination of MLK, the civil rights movement to some extent lost its focus and splintered into a number of different movements.