1.  Pronoun A word that takes the place of a noun or a group of words acting as a noun.

2. Subject and Object Pronouns  Subject PronounsObject Pronouns  I, weme, us  Youyou  He, she, it, theyhim, her, it, them Examples: (Incorrect) The firefighters described how the firefighters did the firefighters’ jobs. (Correct) The firefighters described how they did their jobs. **Be sure to name your noun BEFORE you replace it with a pronoun.

3. Possessive Pronouns: words used to show ownership  My, mine, our, ours  Your, yours  His, her, hers, its, their, theirs Examples: 1. My book is overdue at our library. 2. Look at their puppy; he is learning new tricks. 3. Your mother is very nice. **Practice writing sentences using possessive pronouns.

4. Personal Pronouns: refers to the person speaking (first person), the person spoken to (second person), or the person, place, or thing spoken about (third person)

5.  Singular pronounsPlural Pronouns 1st person:I, me, my, minewe, us, our, ours 2 nd person:you, your, yoursyou, your, yours 3 rd person:he, him, his,they, them, their, theirs she, her, hers, it, its Examples: 1. The students received their awards at the ceremony. 2. She looked forward to finding the prize. 3. Why are you wearing those pants? **Practice pg. 304 ex. 14 (old book)

6. Antecedents: the noun (or group of words acting as a noun) for which the pronoun stands/replaces 1. The firefighters described how they did their jobs. (Antecedent) (Pronouns) 2. The rescue worker appeared. She appeared to be unharmed. (Antecedent) (Pronoun) **Some pronouns will not have antecedents!** Also, double check yourself- replace the pronoun with the antecedent. Does it make sense? Most of the time it should!! Everyone knows what the truth is. The pronoun “everyone” does not have an antecedent because it is unclear who they are talking about. Practice pg. 303 ex. 13 (old book)

7. Reflexive Pronouns  Reflexive Pronouns: refers to the subject and is necessary to the meaning of the sentence.  reflexive (adj.) [grammar]: reflecting back on the subject, like a mirror  We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural).

8. Reflexive Pronouns There are eight reflexive pronouns: EXAMPLES: John saw me. (Does not refer to the same person) versus I saw myself in the mirror. (Reflexive because it refers to the same person) Why does he blame you? (Does not refer to the same person) versus Why do you blame yourself ? (Reflexive because it refers to the same person) SINGULARPLURAL myselfourselves yourselfyourselves herself, himself, itselfthemselves

9. Intensive Pronouns  Intensive Pronouns: emphasize a noun or another pronoun and is unnecessary to the meaning of the sentence.  In English, intensive pronouns are the same as reflexive pronouns, but an intensive pronoun is different from a reflexive, because the intensive pronoun can be removed without altering the meaning of the sentence.  They are used to add emphasis to a statement; for example, "I did it myself."

10. Intensive Pronouns Look at these examples: 1. I made it myself. OR I myself made it. 2. Have you yourself seen it? OR Have you seen it yourself ? 3. The President himself promised to stop the war. 4. She spoke to me herself. OR She herself spoke to me. 5. The exam itself wasn't difficult, but exam room was horrible. 6. Never mind. We'll do it ourselves. 7. You yourselves asked us to do it.

11. Demonstrative Pronouns: points out a specific person, place, or thing A demonstrative pronoun will generally appear at the beginning of a sentence, its antecedent later in the sentence. However, sometimes the demonstrative pronoun will be found after its antecedent. Singular pronouns: this, that Plural pronouns: these, those Examples: 1. That has always been my favorite subject. 2. We met an EMT and a doctor. These were the most interesting speakers. 3. This is Carl’s. Practice pg. 305 ex. 15 (old book)

12. Relative Pronouns  Relative Pronouns: Introduces a subordinate clause (sometimes called dependent clause)  Every clause contains a subject and a verb – not all clauses express complete thoughts  Independent Clause: expresses a complete thought  Subordinate Clause: does not express a complete thought  RELATIVE PRONOUNS ThatWhichWhichever WhoWhoeverWhom WhoseWhoseverWhomever

13. Relative Pronouns SIDE NOTE: Relative Pronouns introduce subordinate clauses, but so do subordinate conjunctions * Remember - A CONJUNCTION is a word that connects or joins together words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS * Examples of independent versus subordinate conjunctions – page 112 in new grammar book AfterSinceWhenAlthoughSo ThatWheneverAsSupposing WhereBecauseThanWhereasBeforeThatWhereverBut that ThoughWhetherIfThoughWhichIn order thatTillWhile UnlessWhoNo matterUntilWhyWhatEven Though

14. Indefinite Pronouns: refers to a person,place, or thing that is NOT specifically named SingularPluralSingular or Plural another much everyonesome anybody neither everythingfewany anyone nobody littlemanymore anything no one somebodyothersmost each nothing someoneseveralnone either one somethingbothall everybody other

15. Examples: 1. Many of the students are on the honor roll. 2. Everything was in place before the guests arrived. 3. None of the jackets were his. 4. Several of the books looked interesting. Practice pg. 307 ex. 17 (old book)

16. Interrogative Pronouns: words that are used to begin a question Most interrogative pronouns do not have antecedents. What, which, who, whom, whose Examples: 1. What did the doctor say? 2. Which is the best treatment? 3. Who wants to be a doctor? Practice pg. 306 ex. 16 (old book)