1. 1 Spanish American War 1898 Remember-The Monroe Doctrine Europe stays out of the Western Hemisphere and US will stay out of their business!! Spain had imperialized Cuba (back in the day) and the Cuban people wanted independence. Reports out of Cuba told of Spanish atrocities on Cuban citizens

2. War and the Americanization of the World 1897-1902 The Americanization of the World US would become an economic strength that would propel the United Sates into the forefront of the world leadership in the 20 th Century. The Spanish American War and the events following it indicated that the US would be a force in the global balance of power for years to come. 2

3. 3 Background: Who? Spain vs. America Where? Phillipines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)

4. Introduction to Spanish- American War “A Splendid Little War” John Hay, Secretary of State, 1898

5. 5 Why? Help give freedom to Spain’s colonies!

6. 6 Background: The Philippines Cuba USA

7. Foxborough History Department7 Leaders  William McKinley-US  Theodore Roosevelt-US  George Dewey-US  William Randolph Hearst-US publisher  General Weyler “The Butcher”-Spain  Emilio Aguinaldo-Philippines

8. Foxborough History Department8 William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901) 25 th President Wanted to avoid war in Cuba Yellow journalism and public supported war In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba.

9. Foxborough History Department9 Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy. “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one” First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders.“ Stop, drop, that’s how rough riders roll…..(DMX)

10. Foxborough History Department10 Commodore George Dewey May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes

11. Foxborough History Department11 William Randolph Hearst Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war."

12. Foxborough History Department12 General Weyler “The Butcher” In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba To prevent the insurrectos Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease

13. Foxborough History Department13 Emilio Aguinaldo  The Philippines' revolutionary leader  Fought first against Spanish imperialism  After the end of the Spanish- American War, fought against American

14. Why does the US get involved? 1.Spanish policy of Reconcentration 2.Protect American Economic Interests 3.Yellow Journalism 4.DeLome Letter 5.Sinking of the Maine 14

15. 15 Spain’s Reconcentration Policy Spain was fighting a guerilla war and needed to separate “good” from “bad guys What? Why? Civilians were forced into government run camps (with bad conditions) Made Spain look bad in American eyes How did it lead to war?

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17. 17 American Economic Interests Protecting their economic interests What? Why? Many of Cuba’s sugar plantations were owned by Americans Made Americans more likely to help out Cuba How did it lead to war?

18. 18 “Yellow Journalists” Make more $ if they keep you scared and interested What? Why? Newspaper created highly exaggerated stories Made Americans want war! How did it lead to war?

19. 19 “Yellow Journalism” “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war William Randolph Hearst Frederic Remington’s Disrobing Propaganda

20. DeLome Letter Written by Spanish Minister DeLome “President McKinley is weak and caters to the rabble…furthermore he is a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingo's of his party."jingo's Stirred American sentiment against Spain 20

21. 21 Sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor What? USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor, “Spark” that started the war “Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!” How did it lead to war? Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault 1976 US Navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN

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23. 23 Hearst Publications Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo? 2/17/1898 New York World

24. 24 Thinking Slide: Which of these do you think was most responsible for the nation going to war?

25. 25 This Means War McKinley asks Congress to prepare for war After a break in diplomacy, both sides declare war in April There are over 1 million volunteers! 1 st Volunteer Cavalry = Rough Riders First major action in Philippines

26. 26 Manila Bay-Philippines Surprise naval attack sunk the crumbling Spanish Navy Made Americans feel very superior

27. 27 Philippines Dewey wins the battle in Manila Bay Partly due to luck Only one American is killed Over 300 Spaniards killed Spain was unprepared

28. 28 Rough Riders Who were the Rough Riders? Who was their leader? Teddy Roosevelt resigns as Asst Secy of the Navy to lead a “Cowboy Calvary” Brought his own photographer Teddy’s popularity from this leads to his becoming v.p. and president

29. 29 Teddy Roosevelt

30. 30 The Legend…

31. 31 Rough Riders What famous Battle did they participate in? San Juan Hill African Americans also helped but get no credit

32. 32 Cuba Blockade of Cuba Spanish fleet destroyed Marines land at Guantanamo Major engagement is around San Juan Rough Riders charge up Kettle Hill (San Juan Hill) Trench warfare/new technology

33. 33 New Technology

34. 34 Results US defeats Spain & becomes a world power Teddy Roosevelt elected Vice President in 1900 and becomes President in 1901 when McKinley is shot US must decide what to do about Spain’s former colonies (Phillipines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba)

35. 35 You Broke It, You Bought It? What should we do with the Philippines? Aguinaldo has been leading an independence movement German threat Are the Filipinos ready for self- government? Philippines become unincorporated territory

36. 36 Yet Another Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris: victory over Spain and independence for Cuba And gives us Guam And gives us Puerto Rico (unincorporated territory) (And the Philippines) In Cuba, the Platt Amendment America is now officially a ‘world power’ Opens the way for us to take other territories Like Hawaii

37. 37 Challenges Post War Idea of Imperialism divides US -How can US become world power without violating ‘….and justice for all”Philippines “ We could not leave them to themselves-they were unfit for self-government, and they would soon have anarchy and misrule worse than Spain’s was…..There was nothing left for us to do but take them all and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them…..”

38. 38 I though We Were All on the Same Side?????? Many Filipinos were already Christian McKinley warned that if the US didn’t take over Europe would Filipino troops fought with US troops against Spain in hopes to gain Independence Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo issued a proclamation declaring the Philippines a republic (1899)-US ignored that……..

39. 39 Now We’re at War with the Philippines….. 3 Year war 4,000 American soldier died…3,000 wounded American forces killed 16,000 Filipino rebels as well as 200,000 Filipino civilians Although fighting officially ended in 1902 struggles continued till 1946.

40. 40 What about Cuba????? Teller Amendment- Teller Amendment- Attached to Congresses 1898 war resolution……US would not annex Cuba US remained active in Cuba after the defeat of Spain Protect US business interests McKinley installed a military government Organized schools Army Medical Corps-cured yellow fever 1900 US allowed Cuba to draft it’s own constitution Platt Amendment- Platt Amendment- (must include for US to remove troops) (1)Cuban gov’t could not enter any foreign agreements (2) US have naval bases as needed (3)US can intervene anytime in Cuban affairs ………………….Cuba agrees

41. 41 What’s next Philippines- Liberty & Justice for all? Humanitarian or Imperialist Cuba- Teller & Platt Amendments Puerto Rico- Foraker & Jones Act (citizenship) Hawaii & Samoa- Manifest Destiny.. For pineapples? “We need Hawaii just as much and a good deal more than we did California. It is Manifest Destiny” -McKinley China-Spheres of Influence & Open Doors

42. 42 Spanish American War The US got into the Spanish American War to demonstrate it’s great power status through military victory. After the war the US was confronted with the issue of what to do with new territories and their non-white inhabitants. The major goal was to maintain order, economic security (for US) while avoiding the responsibilities of a ruling nation.