1. Dr Lena Lee Watson, RN, MBA/HCM, CMC Seminar 9 HS 111 – Medical Terminology

2. 2 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Last Week Wrap Up Discussed the CNS and behavioral health Complex and takes additional practice and time to master. Final thoughts: utilize resources if in doubt. Better safe than sorry. Completed Final Project Quiz 8 Next week discussion only Do you feel you have met the outcomes in your work on this course? What helped you meet the outcomes? Is there any outcome with which you feel you still need support or assistance? Are there any you would like to explore further?

3. 3 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 16 Endocrine System

4. 4 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. OBJECTIVES Identify the organs and other structures of the endocrine system Define and spell the word parts Build and analyze medical terms with word parts Define, pronounce, and spell the disease and disorder, diagnostic, surgical, and complementary terms Interpret the meanings of the abbreviations Read medical documents and interpret medical terminology contained in them

5. 5 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Functions of the Endocrine System The function of the endocrine system is to regulate body activities through the use of chemical messengers called hormones, which when released into the bloodstream, influence metabolic activities, growth, and development.

6. 6 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. The Endocrine System

7. 7 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question What are the functions of the endocrine system? A) regulate body functions B) Influence growth and development C) Release hormones D) All of the above

8. 8 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Endocrine Glands pituitary: approximately the size of a pea located at the base of the brain and is divided into 2 lobes anterior lobe produces hormones growth hormone (GH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) gonadotropic: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) prolactin or lactogenic hormone (PRL)

9. 9 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Endocrine Glands (cont’d) pituitary (cont’d) anterior lobe produces hormones (cont’d) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oxytocin hypothalamus: located near the pituitary gland in the brain; which secretes “releasing” hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones

10. 10 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Endocrine Glands (cont’d) thyroid: largest endocrine gland located in the neck below the larynx produces hormones triiodothyronine (T 3 ) thyroxine (T 4 ) parathyroid: four small bodies lying directly behind the thyroid produces hormone parathormone (PTH)

11. 11 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Which gland secretes “releasing” hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones ? A) Thyroid B) Adrenals C) Hypothalamus

12. 12 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Endocrine Glands (cont’d) Islets of Langerhans: clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas produces hormones insulin glucagon

13. 13 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Endocrine Glands (cont’d) adrenal glands: paired glands, one above each kidney. The outer portion is called the cortex, and the inner portion is called the medulla. produces hormones cortisol (hydrocortisone) Aldosterone epinephrine (adrenaline)

14. 14 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Which gland(s) secrete glucagon? A) Pituitary B) Islets of Langerhans C) Adrenals

15. 15 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Which hormone(s) are associated with the female reproductive system? A) Oxytocin, PRI B) GH, PTH C) FSH, LH

16. 16 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms for the Endocrine System aden/o adren/o, adrenal/o cortic/o endocrin/o parathyroid/o thyroid/o, thyr/o

17. 17 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Which is the correct term? Mr. O has a (Blank) gland. A) Adrenal B) Adeno

18. 18 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms Commonly for the Endocrine System (cont’d) acr/o calc/i dips/o kal/i natr/o

19. 19 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Mr. O was admitted with hyponatremia and hypokalemia. He also complains of polydipsia. What are the meaning(s) of hyponatremia and hypokalemia? A) High blood glucose, and high potassium B) Low sodium and low potassium C) Neither

20. 20 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts acromegaly adenomalacia adenomegaly adrenalitis adrenomegaly calcipenia hypercalcemia hyperglycemia hyperkalemia hypocalcemia

21. 21 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Mr. O.’s lab results also showed low calcium. What are the two medical terms for low calcium? No choices given. Try to figure out the answer!

22. 22 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Helpful Information hypocalcemia and calcipenia both mean a deficiency of calcium

23. 23 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Name the Combing Form (extremities / cv / (enlargement)

24. 24 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Answer The picture shows the adrenal cortex. The correct combing form for cortex is cortic/o

25. 25 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts acidosis Addison’s disease cretinism Cushing’s syndrome diabetes insipidus (DI) diabetes mellitus (DM) gigantism goiter Graves’ disease

26. 26 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cushing Syndrome

27. 27 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Goiter

28. 28 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts adenectomy adrenalectomy parathyroidectomy thyroidectomy thyroidotomy thyroparathyroidectomy

29. 29 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question This is a disorder characterized by: decrease secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Symptoms include polydipsia and polyuria. The disorder is better known as: 1) Cushing Syndrome 2) Diabetes Insipidus 3) Diabetes Mellitus

30. 30 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Not Built from Word Parts Diagnostic imaging radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU) thyroid scan Laboratory fasting blood sugar (FBS) thyroxine level (T 4 ) thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH) Glycosylated hemoglobin

31. 31 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Mrs. J is a 35 year old woman that her doctor suspects has hyperthyroidism. In an effort diagnose her condition, the doctor orders RAIU. To prep the patient you inform the patient: A) Drink radioactive iodine solution B) Give intravenous radioactive solution C) Give radioactive enema

32. 32 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts adrenopathy calcipenia cortical endocrinologist endocrinology endocrinopathy polydipsia syndrome

33. 33 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts exophthalmos hormone metabolism

34. 34 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Ms. Jones has Graves Disease. A symptom that may be visisble is: A) Acromegaly B) Exophthalmos C) Cretinsim

35. 35 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Series A patient presents with the following symptoms: Low HDL, excessive abdominal girth, and hyerglycemia. The physician orders a series of labs and tests to rule out: A) Diabetes B) Syndrome X C) Syndrome Y factor

36. 36 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question What is the commonly used term to measure the average blood sugar concentration over the life span of the red blood cell? A) fasting blood sugar B) HbA1C

37. 37 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Abbreviations DI DM FBS RAIU T4

38. 38 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Wrap Up Questions and Answers Final Thoughts?