2.  You have 45 minutes to read 5 passages or essays and to answer 75 multiple choice questions about them  There is an average of 15 questions per essay  Questions fall into two categories : Usage and mechanics and rhetorical skills  You receive a sub score on usage and mechanics (40 questions) and a sub score on rhetorical skills (35 questions)

3.  This section focuses on the conventions of grammar, punctuation, usage and sentence structure and formation  Punctuation: commas, apostrophes, colons, semi- colons, dashes, periods, question marks, exclamation points Example: Around this time the polka music and button accordion played by German immigrant railroad workers; left their mark on waila. a. No change b. Workers c. Workers: d. Workers,

4.  Grammar and usage questions involve choosing the best words in a sentence based on considerations of standard grammar and usage.  Grammatical agreement includes: subject and verb agreement; pronoun and antecedent agreement; adjectives and adverbs with their corresponding nouns and verbs; verb forms; pronoun forms and cases; comparative and superlative modifiers; idioms

5.  Subject and verb : The owner of the bicycles are going to sell them.  Pronoun and antecedent : Each girl left their lunch money at home.  Correct adjectives and adverbs : Danielle spread frosting liberal on the cake.  Verb forms: She had just began to toast the marshmallows when the house catched on fire.  Pronoun forms and cases: Bob and Mitch annoyed there parents all the time. Him and his brother were constantly fighting.

6.  Comparative and superlative modifiers : My goldfish is more smarter than your brother. That’s because he is the older of three brothers. Your brother, however, has the cuter aardvark that I’ve ever seen.  Idioms : Anyways, I never do my homework on time. I hate to look down words in the dictionary.

7.  Subordinate and dependent clauses : Hamsters are excellent pets because providing hours of cheap entertainment.  Run on or fused sentences : We discovered that the entire family had lice it was horrible.  Comma splices : We discovered that the entire family had lice, it was horrible.  Sentence fragments : When he found the scorpions in his socks. He jumped ten feet into the air.

8.  Misplaced modifiers : Snarling and snapping, Juan attempted to control his pet turtle.  Shifts in verb tense or voice : We sat down to the table to eat, but before we began, John says he has something to do.  Shifts in pronoun person or number : Hamsters work at the most efficient pace that one can. Example : It is a social music that performed at weddings, birthday parties, and feasts. a. No change b. Music in which it is performed c. Music, performing d. Music, performed

9.  Example : In the early 1900s the O’odham became acquainted with marching bands and woodwind instruments (which explains the presence of saxophones in waila.) Given that all of the choices are true, which one is most relevant to the focus of this paragraph? a. No change b. (although fiddles were once widely used in waila bands), c. (even though they’re now often constructed of metal). d. (which are frequently found in jazz bands also).

10.  Example : Today, after many birthdays and New Year’s Days, I now find meaningful the difference I once found confusing. Otherwise, this difference points to significant underlying cultural values  A. No change  B. Though,  C. In fact,  D. Then,

11. Example : The school board members believed that wearing “play clothes” to school made the students inefficient toward their school work, while more formal attire established a positive educational climate. A. No change B. Lazy and bored to tears with C. Blow off D. Lax and indifferent toward