Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byJordan Chase Modified over 9 years ago
1
Maizeoline: Biomass to Diesel via Furfural Rebecca Paustian, Stephanie Callahan, Ross Warner, Ryan Felde-Vassallo May 2, 2015
2
What is Biodiesel Biodiesel is a renewable, clean burning fuel made from plant- based products
3
Importance 6.57 billion barrels of petroleum products consumed in the US in 2013 ~18 million barrels/day Import ~ 9.3 million barrels/day as of 2014 from 80 different countries Eventually all known reserves will be depleted
4
Applications and Uses for Biodiesel Can be used in all diesel engines. Cleans out engines Lubricates better then petro-diesel Was licensed by the California Department of Fish and Game as a shoreline cleaning agent. Paint and adhesive remover
5
Advantages of Biodiesel Renewable feedstock Meets the Clean Air Act Amendments Comparable energy density and energy content to petro-diesel Compatible with existing engines Biodegradable
6
Properties of Biodiesel Immiscible with water High flash point Low vapor pressure
7
Location and Market Opportunities Plant Location: Spencer, Iowa Fairly new technology that is being looked by several different companies Can be blended with petro-diesel Consumers US Military Disneyland National Parks
8
Approximate Yield from Corn Stover (Mass Percent) 5.5% mass of Corn Stover can be converted into Diesel
9
Block Diagram
10
Biomass to Furfural Furfural Generation Biomass Grinding Furfural Separation Furfural Wastewater Corn Stover Sulfuric acid Ethanol Plant O-nitrotoluene Unused Biomass
11
Furfural Generation MTC is a novel reactor designed at Delft University of Technology to minimize by-products and improve yield. Only significant by product is acetic acid 72.7% yield (mass basis)
12
Furfural Separation NaOH neutralizes the sulfuric acid and generates sodium sulfate ions O-nitrotoluene is used to remove most of the water in the extraction tower. Sodium sulfate ions compete with furfural for hydration improved furfural separation from water Two vacuum distillation towers isolate furfural from the organic solvent and residual water.
13
Ethanol Production Summary Recombinant strain of Zymomonas mobilis ferments glucose and pentose sugars into ethanol and CO 2 Recovered as a 99.5% ethanol product ~150,000 lb/hr is produced
14
Block Diagram
15
Furfural to 2-MethylFuran Furfural Separation/ Purification Reactor Hydrogen Furfural Hydrogen Furfuryl Alcohol 2-MethylFuran Waste Water Vent to Power Plant
16
Reactor Exothermic Hydrogenation Reaction Catalyst: Copper Chromite on Activated Charcoal Temperature: 195-205 ⁰C Pressure: 1atm 53.3% Yield Copper Chromite + +
17
Separation Process Flash Drum Separate Hydrogen from affluent of reactor Series of 3 Distillation Columns 1 Vapor Liquid Liquid Column 2 for Furfuryl Alcohol Purification
18
Block Diagram
19
C15 Ketone 2-Methylfuran Reactor Water Separation: Decanter Water Recycle 2-Methylfuran Alkylation to C15 Ketone
20
2-Methylfuran (C 5 H 6 O) + H2OH2O 3 + H2OH2O 2-Methylfuran Alkylation to C15 Ketone Water Is Not Consumed 5,5-bisylvyl-2-pentanone (C 15 H 18 O 3 )
21
Packed Bed Reactor 60 o C and Atmospheric Pressure Catalyst: ITQ-2 delaminated zeolite C15 Ketone = 5,5-bisylvyl-2-pentanone 94% Yield 2-Methylfuran Alkylation to C15 Ketone
22
Block Diagram
23
C15 Ketone Hydrodeoxygenation to Diesel Separation: Decanter C15 Ketone Heat Exchanger Hydrogen Reactor Diesel Byproducts Water Vent Organic Phase Separation: Distillation Diesel Overhead
24
Packed Bed Reactor 350 o C and 5 MPa Catalyst: Platinum on Active Carbon 92.6% Yield H2H2 C15 Ketone Hydrodeoxygenation to Diesel 6-butyl Undecane (C 15 H 32 )
25
Byproducts From Decanter: Dirty Water Vented Hydrocarbons From Distillation: Gaseous Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons = C 1 to C 8 Range Propane = C 1 to C 4 Representative n-Hexane = C 5 to C 8 Representative
26
Block Diagram
27
Power Plant Electricity Purge Steam Firing Duty Unused Biomass Combustor Waste Boiler Vent Overhead Vent Turbines Steam Electricity Process To Grid
28
Power Plant $66 MM Capital Investment Capture 80% of Firing Duty for Steam 1.6 MM lb/hr Generated (540 o C, 600 psia) 85% Efficient Turbines 180 o C, 145 psia Steam Sent to the MTC 81 MW of Electricity Generated 40 MW to the Grid
29
Aspen Modeling Properties NRTL Property Method Joback Pure Component Estimation T c, P c, T B, V c, Z c, and DHFORM UNIFAC Estimate Missing Activity Coefficients
30
Waste Water Treatment Ames Water Pollution Control Facility Uses physical and biological treatment methods Remove organic materials, solids, ammonia, and meet oxygen demand before discharging to Skunk River Include a Non-Domestic Waste Pretreatment Program Total wastewater cost: $12.26 MM per year
31
Feed Stock Analysis Corn Stover required to meet Biodiesel requirement 7.491 Billion lb/year Will need approximately 5.853 million bales/year Area required: ~ 1million acres Corn Production in Iowa 13.7 million acres
32
Costs Cost DescriptionTotal Cost MM$ Feed Streams $300.3 Capital Cost $163.9 Waste water $12.3 Catalysts $8.5 Total Cost $485.0 o Catalysts and Capital costs are a one time cost. o Yearly cost averages $312.6 MM$
33
Revenue/ Profits DescriptionYearly Profits MM$ Ethanol $470.8 Furfuryl Alcohol $385.9 Biodiesel $209.9 Electricity Credit $22.04 Total Revenue $1,088.7 By-products are the most profitable.
34
Profitability Analysis This process is not very sensitive to changes in interest rates Summary NPV0 $7.23 MMM$ IRR 32% Pay Back Period ~3.0 years NPV10 $2.35 MMM$ IRR19% Pay Back Period~3.7 years NPV12$1.91 MMM$ IRR17% Pay Back Period~3.95 years
35
Conclusion Feed: 900,000 lb/hr Corn Stover Production: 50,000 lb/hr Biodiesel 52,000 lb/hr Furfuryl Alcohol 150,000 lb/hr Ethanol 40 MW Electricity Profits: 1,088 MM$/year Pay Back Period: 3.7 years IRR: 19% This plant is profitable
36
Acknowledgements John Myers Joseph Holles David Bell BP Energy Bioscience Institute, Berkeley, CA
37
References Ahmed, Irshad. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural to Produce 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, Using a Reduced Copper Based Catalyst Containing Oxides of Copper in Cupric Form, ChromiumIII, Manganese, and Barium and a Reduced Nickel II. Pure Energy Corporation, assignee. Patent US6852868 B2. 8 Feb. 2005. Print. “Aluminum.” Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com, 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014 "Biofuel Chemistry: What Are Biofuels and How Are They Made?" Biofuels. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. Bourbon, E., New West Technologies, Llc, Landover, Maryland. "Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report." Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, July, 2014 (2014): n. pag. U.S. Department of Energy. July 2014. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. Burnette, L.W, I.B Johns, R.F Holdren, and R.M Hixon. "Production of 2-Methylfuran by Vapor-Phase Hydrogenation of Furfural." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 40.3 (1947): 502-05. Web. “Carbon in Bulk.” WaterFiltersOnline, 2014. Web. 22 Nov. 2014. Congressional Research Service. "Cellulosic Biofuels." Cellulosic Biofuels. The Encyclopedia of the Earth, 5 June 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. Corma, Avelino, Olalla de la Torre, Michael Renz, and Nicolas Villandier. “Production of High-Quality Diesel from Biomass Waste Products.” Sustainable Chemistry. 50.10 (2011): 2375-2378. UW Libraries. Corma, Avelino, Michael Renz, and Olalla de la Torre. “Production of Liquid Fuels (Sylvan-Liquid-Fuels) from 2-Methylfuran.” 2012. United States Patent Application Publication. Edwards, William. "Estimating a Value for Corn Stover." Estimating a Value for Corn Stover. Iowa State University, June 2014. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. "Furfural: Future Feedstock for Fuels and Chemicals." Biomass Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. "General Interest - Biodiesel.org." General Interest. Biodiesel.org, n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014. "How Much Petroleum Does the United States Import and from Where?" U.S. Energy Information Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2014. Hui, Heng, Sarah Trinder, and Leela Landress. "Global Biodiesel." Global Biodiesel (2014): n. pag. ICIS Pricing. ICIS, 09 Jan. 2014. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.
38
References Humbird, D., et al. “Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol.” NREL: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2011. Print. “Hydrogen Generated By Windhunter.” Windhunter, 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2014 "International Energy Statistics - EIA." U.S. Energy Information Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. Lane, Jim. "A New Path to Renewable Diesel from Biomass." Biofuels Digest. N.p., 28 Nov. 2012. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. Malinowski, Artur, and Dorota Wardzinska. "Catalytic Conversion of Furfural towards Fuel Biocomponents." Sition (% in Weight): CuO - 62.0, ZnO - 21.0; Al2O CHEMIK.66 (2012): 982- 90. Chemik International. Chemik. Web. “Platinum Price Chart.” Johnson Matthey, 2014. Web. 2 Dec. 2014. "Properties Of Biodiesel Fuel." Berkely Biodiesel. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2014. "Renewable Energy Group Enters Industrial Biotech with Acquisition of LS9." Renewable Energy Group, Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. “Silicon.” Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com, 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2014. "Top 15 Unexpected Uses For Biodiesel - Gas 2." Gas 2. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. "Uses of Biodiesel." Connecticut Bio Fuel Info. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. Vronsky. “Platinum & Palladium Forecasts For 2015.” Gold-Eagle, 2014. Web. 2 Dec. 2014. "Water Pollution Control Facility." City of Ames. City of Ames, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. "What Is Biodiesel - Pacific Biodiesel." Pacific Biodiesel. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. Yu, Tian. "Are U.S. Corn and Soybeans Becoming More Drought Tolerant?" American Journal of Agricultural Economics 92.5 (2010): 1310-323. Iowa State University, Mar. 2014. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.