1. Impact of Economic Change To what extent did the economic transformation of the early 1800s cause changes in demographics, social classes and American Culture? Do Now: Discussion Question Notes: exam this Friday 2-10

2. king cotton How did the dominant classes in the north & west compare to the dominant class in the south? How is the interdependent relationship between the north and west going to affect the south and slaver?

4. New Transportation system: (states) roads, turnpikes, and canals; The Rise of “Eminent Domain” Transportation: PA’s Lancaster Turnpike; National road (Maryland to Illinois) Canals: “The big Ditch” the Erie canal was finished in 1825 Governor DeWitt Clinton, 1807 steam-powered travel began, developed by Robert Fulton Railroads: railroad lines began to rise up in the 1820s

5. Why were people moving west? Life on the FrontierLife on the Frontier “Killer” Tobacco“Killer” Tobacco Fur tradeFur trade The appreciation of the American wilderness; NationalismThe appreciation of the American wilderness; Nationalism

6. How did the market Revolution influence workers in the country? Factory Life: the division of labor –impersonal –Hours were long –Wages low –Conditions unsafe –Child labor 1834 – national trade union - Commonwealth v. Hunt in Massachusetts Supreme Court (1842) legalized unions Factory workers were scarce –Textile Mills in Lowell MA., –The role of women changed slowly; Social mobility

8. The Business Elite: 1.Old view was based on family status, Church affiliation, etc… 2.Impact of Industrialization, created distinct classes and cultures:  Rural vs. Urban by 1860 the top 10% of Wealthy in U.S. owned 70% of the wealth, the majority of taxes being paid by consumers in urban areas.

9. The Middle Class  Farmers, mechanics, manufacturers, traders, contractors, Lawyers, etc… made up the middle class  Mostly in northeast, with some in the south  The role of man vs. women The Self-made man: “ones work ethic could lead to success and wealth”. Being industrious, was the central theme of pop culture

10. Urban Workers  ½ nations white population in 1840 worked for someone else; in dangerous and often temporary jobs.  Wages were very low, children often toiled along side adults, and housing conditions were unsanitary and overcrowded

11. How did Immigration contribute to the growth of America? Push and Pull Factors of Immigration The Irish; 1840s mainly came into the big cities, Boston and NYC The Germans, mainly coming into the country between the 1830-1860, settling all over the east cost; eventually moving west

12. How did America respond to the increase in Immigration? Immigrants were illiterate, and willing to work for very little and do difficult jobs. They were Catholic Why were immigrants hated? They were poor and often kept to themselves The Biggest response to immigration came from Nativists who formed different organization The Know-nothings: “I Know nothing”; they fought for restrictions on Immigration, naturalization, etc… The Know-nothings: “I Know nothing”; they fought for restrictions on Immigration, naturalization, etc…

14. Summary:  What role did the Irish and German Immigrants play in the nation's municipal, state and federal elections? How did Nativistis in the country view this infiltration?  Why did the Southern economy during this time remain stagnant and lack diversity? How did this specifically contribute to the rise of an intense sectional conflict?  How did the economic interdependence between the Northeast and the West play a role in the debate over the expansion of slavery?