1. Credits: ClipArt, ABC-Clio, Grolier Online, Britannica Online from Katy ISD library site. English Colonization- Jamestown

2. Goal of all the Nations???? To find a faster route to the Indies and China! Break the Italian’s monopoly and still try to beat the Spanish to the riches of North America.

3. England wants what Spain has…. Spain has colonies in the Americas which provides them with …. gold, silver, sugar cane plantations, etc… =Gold=$$$$$$$=POWER= Number 1 in World

4. Queen Elizabeth orders… English ships to capture Spanish ships near America and steal their cargo of gold, silver, and other products. England needs the $$$ The most famous of the Sea Dogs was Sir Francis Drake. England wants to become #1

5. Show me the $$$$$ England began directing its resources towards establishing colonies. The English government refused fund the colonies. Private investors invested in colonies. Sir Walter Raleigh received permission from Elizabeth to start the first colony at Roanoke Island.

6. Roanoke Island 1585 The 1 st colony was short lived when the Natives realized that the English wanted their land and stopped replenishing their food supply. Surviving members of the colony returned to England in 1586. Sir Walter Raleigh starts the first colony at Roanoke Island.

7. Roanoke: Take Two…. 1587 John White, leader of the colony Brought his family to Roanoke, his granddaughter was the first English child (Virginia Dare) born in North America. 1587- White sails to England to get needed supplies. 1588- Spain attacks England. Returned in 1590, the colony had disappeared. “The Lost Colony”

8. 1588!! The Spanish Armada is defeated! King Phillip of Spain ordered… 130 Spanish warships to attack England Sea Dogs and a storm defeated the Armada, the navy sailed back to Spain with less than half of their ships. This defeat had two important consequences: England would remain independent and Protestant. Spain could be defeated…this led other countries to challenge Spain.

9. Jamestown Jamestown was the first successful English settlement in North America

10. John Smith’s map of Virginia. Jamestown was started for economic purposes…to make $$$$$$$$ for the company, themselves and the king.

11. Geography-site was swampy and mosquito ridden. Malaria Geography- Drinking water made the colonists ill. Social-Relations with the Native Americans were conflicted. Social- Conflicts between colonial groups. Climate-Summers were hot and humid and the winters were bitterly cold.

12. John Smith January 1608 Only 38 colonist are alive. John Smith takes over the colony. He announced that, “He that will not work shall not eat.” He persuaded the Powhatan tribe to trade for corn. Pocahontas saving John Smith

13. The Starving Time!! 1609 Smith is injured and returns to England. 800 new colonist arrive. Take Native American land. 1610 Powhatan Indians stop trading with the colonists. Indian attacks escalated. The STARVING TIME begins…. Women arrive in Jamestown!

14. The Starving Time By 1610 Only 60 colonist survived. Colonist ate dogs, rats, mice….

15. Success at Jamestown 1612 John Rolfe developed a high quality tobacco plant. Tobacco became very popular was in great demand in England. CASH CROP- $$$ Cash Crops help the colonies survive.

16. Our Own Land Tobacco changes Jamestown. The company found that the colonist productivity increased when they were allowed to participate in the profits. The company gifted 50 acres of land to all that could pay their passage to Jamestown. Population increased from 600 in 1619 to 2000 by 1621. Jamestown was the start of the FREE ENTERPRISE system in North America.

17. House of Burgesses Colonist set up their own government once they became annoyed with the strict rule of the governor. Local Control 1619 Assembly that could meet once a year. First elected assembly in the American colonies.

18. Control of Virginia King of England Parliament (Like our Congress) 2000 miles away from America Appoints a governor (local control) Virginia Company of London House of Burgesses Self-government Representatives elected by the men of Virginia Make important decisions for the colony that must be approved by the Parliament (King of England)

19. This next series of photos come from National Geographic Magazine. You do not need to take notes on these

20. A tag stamped with an archaic spelling of Jamestown once marked goods bound for the colony.

21. Soldiers in the remote outpost gambled with bone, ivory, and lead dice to pass the time—an activity banned by 1611 in an effort to restore discipline.

22. A tray of washed artifacts strained from a pit in the fort testifies to life at Jamestown between 1610 and 1640 (clockwise from upper left): English flint used as ballast in supply ships and to light fires; shells of Chesapeake oysters that fed the colonists; wrought iron nails for building; clay tobacco pipes along with European pottery and scrap copper reworked into ornaments for the Indians; the butchered remains of imported pigs, Eastern box turtles and sturgeon; and coral from the West Indies, a popular stopping point for transatlantic voyages.

23. Animal remains from a 1611-16 well illustrate the English diet at Jamestown during the best of times. The settlers survived on (clockwise from upper left): box turtles, sturgeon, ducks and other fowl, salted beef shipped from England, the occasional rooster, huge oysters, and, every once in a while, goat.

24. Hand wrought to turn complicated locks on sea chests and trunks, these keys offered settlers in Jamestown's early fort a measure of privacy and security. The 1607 fort had few buildings and no doors with locks. At first, many of the English slept in pits dug along the inside of the palisade, under canvas tarps. Later, the average settler slept in barracks.

25. Jamestown's leaders wanted to transplant English society to Virginia. The settlement's gentlemen carried objects to display their rank, such as a skeleton-embossed seal for impressing its owner's initials in wax.

26. The English secured the friendship of the Powhatan Indians with trade goods such as Venetian glass and stone beads (pictured), metal tools and weapons, and copper— which the Indians prized as a sign of status. But the relationship went sour when the English pressured Indians to sell them food during a drought, and the Powhatan realized the colonists meant to take their land.

27. The Powhatan Indians also gave the colonists venison and native corn, charred cobs of which were excavated at Jamestown.

28. An assortment of hooks shows the seriousness with which settlers pursued fishing, which provided much of their food when stores from England ran out and trade with the Indians broke down. Though they had muskets, the hunting expeditions that ventured far from the settlement to look for deer might be ambushed by Indians.

29. When the Powhatan besieged Jamestown in the winter of 1609- 1610, trapped settlers were reduced to eating horses, cats and dogs, and even the black rats they unwittingly brought to Virginia aboard their ships (jawbone pictured). Weakened by hunger and sickened by drinking foul water from the river and contaminated wells, scores of English died. Survivors were ready to give up and go home, but the spring brought new colonists and fresh supplies.

30. The English came to Virginia searching for a valuable export to give them an edge in the booming 17th-century economy. After trials and much error, they discovered their best bet was growing sweet-tasting tobacco, whose popularity is reflected in scores of locally made pipes unearthed at Jamestown. The Virginia Company failed, but the Jamestown colony ultimately succeeded—thanks to a crop near as precious as gold.