1. Chapter 5: the struggle to found colonies
Lesson 1: Hard Times in Virginia
Social Studies 5th Grade
Mr. Vida

2. Bell Ringer!
Where was the 1st English colony in what is now, the United States of America.

3. What We will see here… Preview:
England founded Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America in 1607
Places:
Roanoke Island
Virginia
Jamestown
People:
Queen Elizabeth
Walter Raleigh
John White
Francis Drake
King James I
John Smith
Chief Powhatan
Pocahontas
John Rolfe
Vocabulary:
charter
stock
cash crop
Indentured servant
House of Burgesses

4. Places we have visited…
Subtitle

5. The Lost Colony of Roanoke

6. The Lost Colony of Roanoke:
England watched as their rival Spain established vast new colonies in the Americas
In the late 1500’s, England began establishing colonies also
Roanoke was England’s 1st attempt

7. Queen Elizabeth I Queen of England
What were some of the reasons why she wanted to colonize North America?

8. Queen Elizabeth I
What were some of the reasons why she wanted to colonize North America?
The hope was to find Gold
... OR
Hoped that it was rich in natural resources

9. Walter Raleigh Queen Elizabeth’s close advisor
Offered to organize the 1st colony himself
Early 1580’s ~ he was a soldier who explored N. America
Knew the Roanoke Islands

10. Walter Raleigh 1st colonist landed in 1585
Faced a difficult winter; trouble finding food
1586 ~ The starving English returned home

11. John White Raleigh did not want to give up
1587 ~ White led 100+ men, women, & children to Roanoke Island
Also struggled. When he returned to England for more supplies after they ran out, war with Spain was raging

12. John White Because of war, no ships could be spared
August, 1590 ~ White again landed at Roanoke Island, but everyone was gone!
The only clue White found was the word “CROATOAN” carved into a tree

13. The Lost Colony
The settlers, who arrived in 1587, disappeared in 1590, leaving behind only two clues: the words “CROATOAN" carved into a fort's gatepost and "Cro" etched into a tree.

14. What do you think happened?
The Lost Colony
What do you think happened?

15. What do you think happened?
The Lost Colony
What do you think happened?
Croatoan was the name of an American Indian group that lived near Roanoke Island

16. What do you think happened?
The Lost Colony
What do you think happened?
Croatoan was the name of an American Indian group that lived near Roanoke Island
NO ONE KNOWS… But…
May have been captured by Spanish soldiers, died in battles with Indians, or while starving, may have moved south to live with Croatoan people and have been assimilated

17. The Battle of the Spanish armada

18. The Battle of Spanish armada
Why did Spain attack England?

19. The Battle of Spanish armada
Why did Spain attack England?
Angry about England’s attempts to colonize N. America
English sea captains raiding Spanish ships carrying gold & silver to Spain from N. America

20. The Battle of Spanish armada
Francis Drake ~1577, began a historic trip around the world
In 1580, he returned to England, loaded with captured Spanish gold
England: HERO ~ Spain: “Master Thief
1588 ~ King Phillip of Spain decided to attack England

21. The Battle of Spanish armada
King Phillip led the Spanish Armada (Huge fleet of war ships. Armada means fleet in Spanish)
130 ships carrying 30,000 soldiers & sailors.

22. More War Ships More Support Vessels Stronger ground force
Spain England
More War Ships
More Support Vessels
Stronger ground force
Preemptive strike with burning ships
Tight English Channel
Stormy, foreign coast
Smaller, more faster ships
More powerful guns

23. The Battle of Spanish armada
Cannonballs and storms off of rocky coasts “sank” the Spanish Armada
60 out of 130 ships made it back to Spain
This was a major victory for England
They now were a major military power & one of the most powerful nations
Now attention is turned back to America

24. The Jamestown Colony
King James I of England ~ gave permission to a company for a charter to set up a colony
1606 ~ merchants formed the Virginia Company of London
Charter ~ A document that permitted colonist to settle on land claimed by their ruler
The Virginia company raised money by selling stock
Shares in company that pays money if company is successful

26. The Jamestown Colony Jamestown ~ The 2nd colony founded by England
Thought to be a good spot, but it was swampy, full of disease-carrying mosquitoes. River water was not healthy to drink
Many settlers became sick and many died
By the end of the 1st year, only 38 sellers were still alive
Colonist were to busy looking for gold to support themselves
John Smith~ one of the original settlers, after that 1st year. He was elected leader of the colony
Issued order, “He who will not work, shall not eat”

27. The Jamestown Colony
Under Smiths leadership, they planted crops, fished the river, dug wells, and built houses
Chief Powhatan ~ Chief of Powhatan people; Smith traded with him. Corn from this kept helped keep the colonist alive
For a time, relations were peaceful & the Chiefs daughter, Pocahontas visited Jamestown

28. Tobacco Helps Jamestown Grow
Like corn and tomatoes, tobacco plant is native is native to the Americas
Early 1600’s, it was becoming popular in England and Europe
John Rolfe ~ raised a crop of tobacco in Virginias rich soil
He would marry Pocahontas in 1614, helping to maintain peace
Tobacco became Virginia’s 1st cash crop (crop grown for profit)

29. Tobacco Cash Crop

30. Tobacco Helps Jamestown Grow
England King James did not approve of tobacco
He called smoking “Harmful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs.”
His opposition did not stop Virginians from growing it
1000’s of English indentured servants came to Jamestown
Indentured servant ~ agreed to work for someone for a certain length of time in exchange for the cost of an ocean voyage to N. America

31. Tobacco Helps Jamestown Grow
Many indentured servants died from disease, overwork, and mistreatment from their masters
1619, another group came to Jamestown. A Dutch ship brought Africans who were sold as servants and later released to start their own plantations
Africans brought to Virginia would later be enslaved

32. Self-Government in Virginia
The Virginia Company of London continued to attract settlers to their colony
Declared settlers of Virginia should have “such a form of government… as may be to the greatest benefit and comfort of the people.”
House of Burgesses ~ In July 30, 1619 the 1st law-making assembly in an English colony met
This helped establish the tradition of self-government in the colonies

33. Lesson 1 Review:
Fill in the diagram for question #1 comparing and contrasting these details about Roanoke and Jamestown:
Why did some English leaders want to build colonies in North America
How did John Smith help the Jamestown colony
How did tobacco help Jamestown grow

34. Lesson 1 Review: English wanted to find gold and other resources
Organized by Walter Raleigh
Led by John White
People disappeared
Organized by Virginia Company
John Smith became leader
Tobacco helped colony survive 1.
English wanted to find gold and other resources

35. Lesson 1 Review:
2. Why did England want to begin a colony on North American eastern shore?

36. Lesson 2 Review:
2. Why did England want to begin a colony on North American eastern shore?
To find gold and other natural resources; to keep Spain from claiming all of North America

37. How did England defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588?
Lesson 2 Review:
How did England defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588?

38. How did England defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588?
Lesson 2 Review:
How did England defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588?
It’s small, quick ships had powerful guns

39. 4. Why did Jamestown almost fall? How was it able to survive?
Lesson 2 Review:
4. Why did Jamestown almost fall? How was it able to survive?

40. Lesson 2 Review:
4. Why did Jamestown almost fall? How was it able to survive?
The colonist were too busy looking for gold to support themselves: John Smith became the colon’s leader and made the colonist work toward survival

41. Lesson 2 Review:
5. Do you think the House of Burgesses was the best type of government for the Jamestown colony? Why or why not?

42. Lesson 2 Review:
5. Do you think the House of Burgesses was the best type of government for the Jamestown colony? Why or why not?
Possible Answer: Yes, because members were chosen to represent each district of Jamestown

43. Review: the Lost Colony
QUESTION:
ANSWER::
Colonist on Roanoke Island struggled. John White returned to England for more supplies after they ran out, but war with Spain was raging. Upon arriving, the colony was deserted. What were possible reasons for this?

44. Review: the Lost Colony
QUESTION:
ANSWER::
Colonist on Roanoke Island struggled. John White returned to England for more supplies after they ran out, but war with Spain was raging. Upon arriving, the colony was deserted. What were possible reasons for this?
(1) May have been captured by Spanish soldiers
(2) May have died in battles with Indians
(3) May have, while starving, moved south to live with Croatoan people and have been assimilated

45. What were three reasons why England wanted to colonize North America?
Exit ticket!
What were three reasons why England wanted to colonize North America?