1. Preparation of Drought Vulnerability Assessment Study to Develop Iraq National Framework for Integrated Drought Risk Management (DRM) Vulnerability Assessment: Root Causes of Vulnerability to Drought (RCVD), Impact Tree Diagrams, ITDs UNDP, RFP-025/13 – DRM Amman, Dec. 2-5, 2013

2. Page 2/ Purpose of Vulnerability Assessment Vulnerability Assessment–Agricultural Sectors: Economic Impact Tree Diagrams (ITDs) Palms / Rice / Fisheries Wheat / Corn / Livestock Common Root Causes of Vulnerability Vulnerability Assessment–Natural Ecosystems: Environmental ITDs Marshlands / Rangelands Vulnerability Assessment–Community Groups: Social Table of Contents

3. Page 3/ Drought has significant potential to negatively affect producing sectors (notably agriculture), including trade, community’s livelihood, institutions, and thus the well-being of different communities in the country. Already we have seen this in the discussion we heard about IMPACTS. The purpose of Vulnerability Assessment is to identify causes of risk from their relevant factors (environmental, economic, or physical), as well as due to poor management and technology applications. Vulnerability Assessment: Root Causes of Vulnerability to Drought - PURPOSE

4. Page 4/ It is finding the community’s coping capacity to resist/recover from impacts of drought. There are the direct causes, from direct exposure to drought, & the indirect causes from the indirect impacts, i.e. from the social & economic aspects. The problems arising from those impacts need solutions that require integrating the two systems: the Natural, & the human or socio-economic. We will expose the major affected sectors in the two areas most affected in Iraq. Vulnerability Assessment - Purpose

5. Page 5/ Socio-Economic Causes: Agricultural Sector: We will expose the relevant ITDs & discuss their details. Southern Iraq Palms (see ITD of palms) Rice (see ITD of rice) Fisheries (see ITD of fisheries) Northern Iraq Wheat (see ITD of wheat) Corn (see ITD of corn) Livestock (see ITD of livestock) Vulnerability Assessment – Agricultural Sector

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11. Page 11/ It is important to approach the above results in a coherent way, if possible. As obvious, the different ITDs reflect many similarities, which is expected. The entire sectors share a common nature being agricultural products whose impacts from drought, or climate change, on the community, on the socio-economic and governance aspects are quite noticeable. So, let’s see what is common among their root causes. Certainly, this should help institutions to coordinate more efficiently in facing causes of vulnerability. Common Root Causes of Vulnerability

12. Page 12/ SectorEcosyst/ Sci. Res FinancePoliciesGovernt. support/ incentive Marrket mecha- nisms Managet. practices resources Institu. suppo./ knowhow Mainten. training Climate Change/ extremes Palms++++ ++++ ++++ Rice+++++++ +++ Fisheries+++ + Wheat+++++++ +++ Corn++++++++ +++ Livestoc k +++ VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT COMMON ROOT CAUSES OF VULNERABILITY SHARED BY SECTORS = LACK OF THE FOLLOWING : +++ Very Badly Lacking ++ Badly Lacking + Slightly Lacking

13. Page 13/ SectorTechnical & expertise Public commu- nication Quality control Citizen Health & stability Palms +++++ Rice +++ Fisheries +++++ Wheat ++++++ Corn ++++++ Livestock +++ ROOT CAUSES OF VULNERABILITY COMMON ROOT CAUSES OF VULNERABILITY SHARED BY SECTORS = LACK OF THE FOLLOWING: (Continue) +++ Very Badly Lacking ++ Badly Lacking + Slightly Lacking

14. Page 14/ Natural Ecosystems Southern Iraq Marshlands ITD Northern Iraq Rangelands ITD Comparing Vulnerabilities of the Two Ecosystems Vulnerability Assessment – Natural Ecosystems

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17. Page 17/ Vulnerability Assessment – Natural Ecosystems Concerning the comparative needs status, it is clear the marshlands are worse than the rangelands, though both share the very bad lacking for policies, livelihood upgrading and improving understanding of climate change.

18. Page 18/ Community Groups See collective ITD of: Herders/Bedouins; Farmers; Women; Fishermen; Poor Vulnerability Assessment: Community Groups

19. Page 19/ Certainly, the multitude of challenges the Iraqi community is facing after years of deprivation and war are tremendous, covering all sectors of livelihood (FAO, 2009). The previous war conditions and the current general feeling of unsafety have led to social unrest hitting hard the socio-economic infrastructure, the social fabric, the security, increasing internal migration, urbanization and poverty. Most certainly, as always, the impacts are felt with the most vulnerable: The poorer slices of society. We heard before about the most affected as indicated in the section on economic impacts. Vulnerability Assessment: Community Groups

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21. Page 21/ Problem Emphasis in Community Groups: Vulnerability Assessment: Community Groups GroupDesert ificatio n Poor Livelih ood Relief Progra ms Droug ht & CC Conflic ts & Migrat ion Techni cal Faciliti es Policy &Impl ement ation Educat ion Legal Status Social Tribal Herde rs +++O+++++ ++ Farme rs ++O+++ + + Wome n ++O+++ Fisher men O+++++ ++ +++ Very highly affected ++ Highly affected + Moderately affected O All affected variably

22. 22 THANK YOU