1. (Hazard Identification and
H.I.R.A.
(Hazard Identification and
Risk Assessment as per
OHSAS 18001)

3. Safety:
Safety is a state in which the RISK or HARM to persons or damage to property is limited to a acceptable level.
Hazard:
Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health or a combination of these.
Hazard Identification:
Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its characteristic

4. Risk:
Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)
Risk assessment:
Process of evaluating the risk (s) arising from a hazard(s) taking into account the adequacy of existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable.

5. The Crocodile principle
Identify the hazard and risk

6. The Crocodile principle
Evaluate the risk

7. The Crocodile principle
Eliminate the risk

8. The Crocodile principle
Find an alternative

9. The Crocodile principle
Isolate the risk

10. The Crocodile principle
Personal protective clothing

11. The Crocodile principle
If nothing works …get the .. out of there

12. The procedure for hazard identification and risk assessment should take into account:
Routine and non-routine activities;
Activities of all persons having access to workplace (including contactors and visitors)
Human behavior, capabilities and other human factors
Hazards originating outside the workplace
Hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by work-related activities (environmental aspects)
Infrastructure, equipment and materials at the workplace
Changes or proposed changes in the organization, its activities, or materials;
Modification to Safety Management system and its impacts on operations, processes, and activities.
Applicable legal obligations relating to risk assessment
Design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery, operating procedure, etc.

13. Overview of the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Process: -
Develop Methodology
Identify Hazards
Monitor and Review
Implement Controls
Manage
change
Assess Risks
Determine Controls
Overview of the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Process: -

14. Procedure for HIRA should take account of the following:
Hazards
Risks
Controls
Management of Change
Ongoing review

15. Hazard Identification:
Hazard Identification should be proactively determined from –
All sources (e.g. Moving machinery, radiation, energy sources etc.)
All situations (e.g. Working at height, working in excavation etc.)
All acts (e.g. Manual lifting etc.)
Hazard Identification should consider different types of Hazards such as-
Physical (e.g. slippery floor, falling objects, caught between etc)
Chemical (e.g. inhalation, absorption thru skin, ingestion of chemical vapors, gases, particles)
Biological (e.g. biological allergens or pathogens – bacteria or viruses – may be inhaled, transmitted thru contacts etc.)
Psychosocial (anxiety, fatigue, depression due to excessive workload, lack of communication etc.)

17. H.I. methods
Reactive
Proactive
1)Accident Investigation
2) Accident Analysis
1)Plant Safety Inspection
2) Critical Incident Technique
3) Incident Recall Technique
4) Critical Incident Technique
5) Thee question meeting
6) Failure Mode Effect
Analysis (FMEA)

18. 7)Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Studies
8)Safety survey,
9)Safety tour,
10)Safety Sampling
11)Fault tree analysis - FTA
12)Event tree analysis - ETA
13)Job Safety Analysis - ISA
14)Safety Audit
15)Hazard Indices
16)What if analysis
17)Check lists
18)Maximum credible accident analysis
19)Preliminary Hazard analysis

19. Sources of Information/ inputs to be considered during Hazard Identification Process
Legal and other requirements
OHS Policy
Monitoring data
Occupational exposure and health assessment
Records of incidents
Audit report, assessments and review
Input from employee
Information from other management system (quality management, environment management etc.)
Process review and improvement activities in the workplace
Information on best practices and/ or typical hazards in similar organization
incidents report from the similar organizations

20. Information on the facility, processes and activities of the organization, including the following –
- Site plan, traffic plans (pedestrian walkways, vehicle
routing), workplace design
Process flowcharts
Operations manuals
Inventory of hazardous materials (raw materials, chemicals,
wastes, products, sub- products),
Equipment specification
product specification, material safety data sheet, toxicology
etc.
Routine activities
Non- routine activities such as –
- Equipment cleaning, temporary process modification, non-
scheduled maintenance, plant/ equipment start up- shut
down, off-site visits, refurbishment, extreme weather conditions,
utility disruptions, emergency situations etc.

21. All persons having access to the site ( customers, visitors, service contractors, delivery personnel, plus employees ) –
- hazards from their activities
- their degree of familiarity with the site
- their behavior
Human factor: consider the following and their interaction –
- the nature of job (workplace layout, operator information,
physical work, work patterns)
- the environment (heat, light, noise, air quality)
- physiological capabilities (anthropometrics, physical variation of
people )
Hazards originated from outside the site – outside noise, vapors
Information from a variety of sources –
- observations from behavior and work practices
- analysis of the underlying causes of unsafe behavior
- interviews and surveys
- safety tour and inspections

22. Risk assessment inputs:
Incident review and subsequent analysis
Monitoring and assessment of hazardous exposure (Chemical, Physical agent)
Workflow and process analysis including their potential for vreating an unsafe behavior.
Risk assessment inputs:
Inputs to the risk assessment processes can include information or data on the following: -
Details of location(s) where work is carried out
the proximity and scope of hazardous interaction between activities in the workplace.
human capabilities, behavior, training, competency, and experience for those who carry out hazardous task
toxicology data, epidemiology and other health related data
the proximity of other personnel (e.g. cleaners, visitors etc.)

23. manufacturers and suppliers instructions for operation, maintenance, of equipment
the availability and use of control measures such as PPE
abnormal conditions (e.g. interruption of utility services such as electricity, water)
the potential for failure of plant and machinery components and safety devices or for their degradation from exposure to the elements or process material
details of access to, and adequacy of emergency procedures, emergency escape plans, escape routes, route signage, emergency equipment, communication facility and external emergency support.
monitoring data related to incidents associated with specific work activities,
findings of any existing assessments relating to hazardous work activity
details of previous unsafe acts by individuals or by others
the disabling of control measures

24. Risk assessment methodology
The duration and frequency at which tasks are carried out
The accuracy and reliability of the data available for the risk assessment
legal and other requirement of what constitutes an acceptable risk (e.g. permissible exposure level)
Risk assessment methodology
Different method are available, (e.g. check lists, questionnaire, risk matrix, computer modeling, Pareto analysis, HAZOP, FMEA, ranking/ voting etc.)
choose appropriate for your work (Ref. IS 15643)
Consider appropriate participation from workers, execution engineers, legal authorities etc.
Understand the limitations and strength of each method and use it.

25. Management of change: What changes in the organization take place –
New modified technology, equipment, facility, work environment
New or revised procedures, work practices, designs, specifications, standards
Different types or grades of raw material
organizational structure, staffing, contractors
Health and safety devices, equipment, controls
management systems
To evaluate these changes thru Hazard Identification and risk assessment process, get the answers for the following questions:
Have new hazards been created?
What are risk associated with the new hazard?
could the change adversely affect existing risk control?
have the most appropriate controls been chosen, keeping in mind usability, accebility.

26. Determining the need for controls:
Risk assessment is completed. Taken account of existing controls Are they adequate?
Needs improvement?
Any new controls are required?
To eliminate hazard or to reduce risk, if new controls are required, the following examples should be considered–
Elimination – eliminate the by modifying design
Substitution – substitute less hazardous material, less hazardous process or reduce the system energy by lowering amperage, pressure, temperature etc.
Engineering controls – guards, interlocks, acoustic enclosures,
Signage, warning and/or administrative controls- safety signs, glowing signs, siren, alarm, safe operating procedures, work permit, lock out/tag out etc.
Personal protective equipment – Helmet, goggles, safety belt, respirators

27. While implementing the control
While deciding the controls take into account:
a combination of controls (engineering plus administrative controls)
adapting work to the individual(mental and physical ability)
taking advantage of technical progress
using measures that protects everyone (engineering controls than PPE)
introduction of planned maintenance
emergency arrangement where risk control fail
impart knowledge of control measures to workers
While implementing the control
Prioritize the controls (high risk area first, low risk area afterwards)
Before modifying any work activity implement temporary control (before putting acoustic enclosure to noisy machine give PPE – ear plugs or muffs to workers)
Temporary measures should not become permanent
Refer legal requirement, standards, codes and practices etc
Organize ongoing monitoring of controls

28. Recording and documenting the result:
The following information should be documented:-
Identification of hazards
Risks associated with the identified hazards
Indication of the levels of the risks related to the hazard
Description of measures to control the risks
Who and by when, he will implement the measures
Ongoing review:
HIRA activity should be reviewed periodically. HIRA may be affected by the following issues, where review is necessary:-
the need to determine where existing risk controls are effective and adequate,
the need to respond to new hazards
the need to respond to changes that the organization itself has made

29. Ongoing review continued:
the need to respond to feedback from monitoring activity, incident investigation, emergency situation or the result of testing of emergency procedure
changes in legislation
external factors e.g. emerging occupational health issues
advances in control technology
changing diversity in workforce, including contractors
changes proposed by corrective and preventive action
Internal Audit:
Internal audits can provide –
-an opportunity to check that HIRA and controls are in place and up-to-date
-a useful opportunity to check whether the HIRA reflects actual workplace condition and practices

30. Thank
you.