1. Chapter 9: Global Perspectives on Selected Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 10: Global Perspectives on Diabetes and Respiratory and Orthopedic Chronic Diseases Chapter 11: Overview of Cancer

2. The Global Burden on Chronic (Non-communicable) Diseases In 2003 there was an estimated 56 million deaths worldwide 60% were caused by chronic non-communicable illnesses Global Alliance for Chronic Disease http://www.ga- cd.org/

3. Global Mortality Rates Refer to Table 9-1 page pg 237-240 United Nations World Health Organization Member States Grouped by Geographic Regions and Mortality Strata (WHO, 2002)

4. What impacts Child and Adult mortality? Bolivia

5. Poverty Poverty impacts longevity and subjects people to disease in a variety of ways: Drink unclean water Live in unsanitary conditions Breathe air polluted by industrial emissions Unclean fuels used for home heating and cooking Contributing factor to mental stress Family unit disintegration Substance abuse Excludes people for the educational process

6. Risk Factors Age is a primary irreversible risk factor for chronic disease development The prevalence of these diseases inevitably increases within any aging population

7. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Chronological Age Genetic Predisposition and Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia is an excess of fatty substances called lipids, largely cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood.cholesterol Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis ( Arteriosclerosis is a general term describing any hardening and loss of elasticity) Hypertension Obesity Diabetes Mellitus Alcohol and Tobacco Use

8. Two of the most common chronic conditions affecting adults and children in every country: Diabetes Asthma What lifestyles and environmental and social risk factors contribute to the development or worsening of these ?

9. DIABETES TYPES OF DIABETES: Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes It affects nearly every system of the body Is a disorder of the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

10. Age of Onset and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes A younger population has more recently been identified with type 2 diabetes and is increasing Overweight Children Physical Inactivity What are some prevention activities for children?

11. ASTHMA “When you cannot breathe – nothing else matters” Asthma is a chronic episodic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes recurrent episodes of: Wheezing Breathlessness Chest tightness Coughing

12. ASTHMA Diagnosis Frequency and complexity of symptoms determines the degree of severity of asthma Mucus plug formation Acute bronchoconstriction Airway edema

13. Asthma Treatment Triggers (environmental, exercise, cold….) Pharmacologic Treatments for Asthma Cost of Asthma Treatment

14. Musculoskeletal Disorders Musculoskeletal diseases are the major cause of morbidity throughout the world Longer life expectancy Very common worldwide and include more than 150 different diseases and syndromes

15. Musculoskeletal Disorders The main types are: 1.Rheumatoid arthritis 2.Osteoarthritis 3.Osteoporosis 4.Spinal disorders 5.Major limb trauma 6.Gout 7.Fibromyalgia

16. In class assignment Research these Musculoskeletal Disorders and share with the rest of the class the definition and impact of morbidity

17. Key Cancer and Public Health Concepts and Definitions Cancer: Over 100 different diseases are covered by the term “cancer” Each has a unique profile in terms of the population at risk, symptoms and prognosis

18. Increasing number of countries developing comprehensive cancer control programs Increasing interest among international and national leaders and organizations in advocating for comprehensive policies Increasing access to cancer control knowledge and best practice, which provides a good basis for advocacy Comprehensive Cancer Control Approach

19. Cancer Burden refers to the size of a health problem in a specified area 1.What is the global cancer burden? Pg 301 & 308 2. What are the risk of getting cancer? Pg 302 3. What are the incidence of major cancers worldwide? Pg 303 4. What are some global cancer prevention interventions? Pg 309-311 5. What are examples of screenings for cancer? Pg 315-321 6. Explain the expanding role of Cancer Registries. Pg 305-307

20. Cancer Care Considerations Goal is cure, prolongation of useful life, or improvement of quality of life Cancer Treatment: Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy Compilations of Cancer Information National Comprehensive Cancer Network & Database http://www.health.gov/nhic/nhicscripts/Entry.cfm? HRCode=HR2859