1. THE ROLE OF EGNSS IN AGRICULTURE 19/05/2015 EC – CEMA event 19 May 2015 EU Pavilion – EXPO Milan 2015 Gian Gherardo CALINI Head of the Market Development Department European GNSS Agency DRAFT IV FORUM FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE EXPO MILANO CONFERENCE CENTER 3 OCTOBER 2015

2. Agenda

3. European GNSS Agency European GNSS Agency

4. European Council and Parliament European Commission European Space Agency (ESA) European GNSS Agency (GSA) Political Oversight Programme Oversight and Programme management Execution IOV Contracts FOC Contracts delegation assistance Upstream (space) industry Downstream (applications) industry GNSS Programme Committee H2020 Programme Committee GNSS Programme Committee H2020 Programme Committee Ensuring the Security of the EGNSS Exploitation of Galileo Exploitation of EGNOS Market Development GSA role within EU GNSS programmes

5. Achieve GSA Mission  The GSA’s mission is to support European Union objectives and achieve the highest return on European GNSS investment, in terms of benefits to users and economic growth and competitiveness, by: Designing and enabling services that fully respond to user needs, while continuously improving the European GNSS services and Infrastructure; Managing the provision of quality services that ensure user satisfaction in the most cost-efficient manner; Engaging market stakeholders to develop innovative and effective applications, value-added services and user technology that promote the achievement of full European GNSS adoption; Ensuring that European GNSS services and operations are thoroughly secure, safe and accessible.

6. DOWNSTREAM VALUE CHAIN Integrated market development for EGNSS adoption E-GNSS USER ADOPTION EU PUBLIC BENEFITS RoadRoad AviationAviation MaritimeMaritime Rail LBSLBS AgricultureAgriculture MappingMapping GovernmentalGovernmental MARKET SEGMENTS Service providers Content & applications Devices Chipset, receiver Navigation Signal Providers Bodies influencing the market Understanding market and users Stimulating demand: demand: cooperating with receivers manufacturers Supporting a EU of services, applications and receivers DEMAND and ADOPTION COMPETITIVE OFFER 6

7. Agenda EGNOS operational and Galileo constellation build-up EGNOS operational and Galileo constellation build-up

8. Source EC, http://www.slideshare.net/ EGNOS Open Service for Agriculture operational since 2009

9. Source http://gpsworld.com/ Galileo architecture at full operational capability Initial Services coordination

10. Galileo space segment implementation plan Full Operational Capability Full services 30 satellites On 11 th SEP, two satellites Galileo 9/10 were successfully launched at 02:08 GMT from Europe’ s Spaceport in French Guiana on top of a Soyuz rocket.

11. Agenda GNSS Agriculture Market

12. GSA’s GNSS Market Report: the source of knowledge The GSA’s 2015 GNSS Market Report, which provides an in-depth look at market opportunities and technology trends across eight market segments, has surpassed 20,000 downloads since its launch in March 2015.GSA’s 2015 GNSS Market Report @ Inside GNSS: GSA’s GNSS Market Report #4: The Most Thorough Yet GPS World: GSA's 2015 Report Dives Deep into Global GNSS Market The GSA’s GNSS Market Report has become a global reference for GNSS trends

13. GNSS market in Agriculture Precision agriculture in Europe and worldwide will continue to grow, thanks to the benefits provided to farmers in terms of increased productivity. The Asia-Pacific region will progressively challenge the role of North America as the largest GNSS market. Tractor Guidance remained the most widespread GNSS-based application in Agriculture. Automatic Steering, which requires a higher level of accuracy, grew significantly thanks to increased adoption in developed countries. Variable Rate Technologies (VRTs) are also starting to be increasingly adopted by farmers. Asset Management solutions are now starting to complement in-field solutions.

14. Core revenue of GNSS in Agriculture segment

15. Market drivers in High Precision Agriculture support long term growth... Increased demographic pressure on yield with limited resources available Market reaction: Consolidation of farms foster Precision Agriculture GNSS-based solutions in farms show measureable cost savings and while increasing the yield More demanding users driving the evolution of precision agriculture towards all-around farm management solutions. GNSS supporting agro-environmental policies on both a regional and global scale. Source of chart: Claas Agrosystems

16. ... as well as technology drivers GNSS SBAS solutions opening markets at entry-level prepare users for more advanced solutions. Dual frequency and dual-constellation expected by Galileo and GPSIII (L1/L5 resp. E1/E5).. Emerging role of PPP solutions vs. traditional RTK. Use of big data for integrated farming across different equipment supplied by different hardware brands. Combining GNSS with other technologies Earth Observation increasingly supporting digital applications for precision agriculture. EU Copernicus aims to develop a comprehensive Earth Observation capability. Aerial photography from airplanes and UAVs efficiently capturing data for digital application maps. Optical systems being utilised when crops have a row or a trim line that can be followed.

17. Agenda EGNSS in Agriculture: High Precision applications

18. EGNOS today and Galileo tomorrow Asset Management Farm Machinery Guidance Surveying – low accuracy (CAP, landscape features georeferencing etc.) Biomass monitoring Harvest Monitoring Virtual Fencing Livestock Monitoring Variable Rate Applications – low accuracy Automatic Steering Variable Rate Applications – high accuracy Surveying – high accuracy (geodetic networks etc.) EGNOS TODAY GALILEO TOMORROW Added value of EGNOS per application

19. How EGNOS works for Agriculture Increases the accuracy of GPS positioning Pass to Pass accuracy typically 15-30cm Available in almost 80% of commercial receivers models Offers corrections over the whole Europe and expanding into Africa and the Middle East

20. The range of EGNOS applications… Application category Application fieldRequired accuracy level ArableHigh-value crop cultivation (e.g. potatoes and vegetables) and/ or precision operations (sowing and transplanting) 2-5cm Low-value crop cultivation (e.g. cereals) and low-accuracy operations (fertilising and reaping) c.1m DairyIndividual livestock positioning and virtual fencing 2-5m Legislation/ management Field measurement and boundary mapping and updating c.1 m or better Agro-logisticLand parcel identification/ geo-traceability, post harvest pick-up and supervised tracking of livestock, manure, etc. c.2.5m Galileo domain EGNOS domain

21. …already delivers tangible benefits: 70% of EU farmers using GNSS adopted EGNOS offers an affordable solution for precision agriculture; enables farmers to optimise yields, increase labour productivity and reduce driver fatigue – all with minimal investment; supports machinery guidance solutions with sub- metre level accuracy, which is suitable for basic-value crop cultivation (e.g. cereals); enables more efficient management of farming activities such as spreading, spraying and harvesting.

22. Galileo new features… The question is that of the 3 rd frequency for high accuracy applications (e.g. worldwide PPP):  High quality open signal (modulation, chip rate)  Best frequency for tri-laning  Will enable sub-meter accuracy without augmentation  Multiple signals bring greater reliability and accuracy E6 is unencrypted Best option for tri-laning E6 is unencrypted Best option for tri-laning * References: Stansell Munich Summit 2015 / IGC workshop Krasnoyarsk 2015 Hatch ION GNSS 2006 Humphreys et al. IGS workshop 2008 The obvious choice for the future 2 nd frequency is L5/E5, because it is:  A protected frequency  Shared by all GNSS  Shared by all SBAS  More widely separated from L1, thus minimising the iono- free linear combination errors

23. …will further improve GNSS assisted Agriculture… Galileo Open Service Benefits of using Galileo Open Signal with other GNSS constellations (to be available from the Initial Services phase): signal design minimizing the multipath errors; better availability and accuracy; better results in harsh environment such as urban canyons and under tree canopy; improved coverage at high latitudes; single, dual frequency and triple frequency (E1, E5, E6b, as of September 2015). Galileo Commercial Service High Accuracy services for professional applications: PPP (Precise Point Positioning) service/corrections available worldwide (via Galileo E6 channel); corrections available through signal in space not depending on geostationary satellites; faster convergence time than existing PPP solutions (via triple frequency capability); accuracy comparable to RTK.

24. …enabling new applications and better performance Biomass monitoring Soil sampling Land consolidation Livestock tracking Virtual fencing CAP field boundary management Environmental management

25. Agenda EGNSS Precision Agriculture Applications and other technologies

26. New sources of data will arrive as more countries invest in Earth Observation Over 50 countries are now investing in EO programs, with total global investment close to $9 billion in 2014, a ninth year of continued investment growth. Investment is expected to top $10 billion in 2015. The technology involves the capture and storage of information from satellites relating to the physical, biological and chemical compositions of the Earth. Government priorities depend on the stage of development of their EO programme, and wider government policy objectives. Environment monitoring and climate change remain top priority areas in governments' political agendas, supporting the development of science- driven EO mission within R&D programs. Source: http://www.euroconsult-ec.com/shop/earth-observation/74-satellite-based- earth-observation-market-prospects-to-2024.html

27. Synergies exist between EGNSS and EU Copernicus Applications Environmental management Variable rate application (VRT) Harvest monitoring Biomass monitoring Soil sampling Risk management Insurance EGNSS together with Earth Observation

28. EGNSS and Copernicus: identifying inundated areas Areas of Synergy Increased efficiency, improve crop yield and reduce environmental impact E-GNSS and Copernicus joint opportunities Use of remote sensing for crop monitoring, damage and risk assessment Crop damage assessment (floods, hail, drought) Natural hazards and risk provision Galileo ServiceOS, Commercial Service Copernicus serviceLand monitoring Identify inundated areas Detect Maximum flooding depth Measure flow velocity Visualization of the drainage process Identify inundated areas Detect Maximum flooding depth Measure flow velocity Visualization of the drainage process

29. EGNSS and Copernicus: Variable Rate Technologies Variable Rate Technologies (VRT) COPERNICUS Satellite imagery provides inputs for VRT application maps EGNSS VRT technology with support of GNSS show where fertiliser/ pesticides should be applied based on VRT application maps Lower Fertiliser/ pesticides costs Higher yield Lover environmental footprint More efficient use of manpower

30. Thanks to EGNSS, agricultural robots support the automation of processes on farms Machinery manufacturers and downstream processing industries look for system solutions and robots to achieve automation of processes. Robots meet stringent hygiene and safety regulations, work tirelessly 24 hours a day, and relieve human workers of physically arduous tasks. Source: Agricultural Robots: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2014 to 2020 driverless tractors aerial surveying of farmlands data collection field management cow milking systems harvesting pruning weeding pick-and-place sorting seeding spraying Applications of agricultural robots include:

31. Unmanned Aerial Systems are employed commercially in Agriculture CONSUMER/ HOBBYIST GOVERNMENT: MILITARY & CIVIL Source: Gartner; ABI; WinterGreen; Deltek; US DoD; AUVSI; CEA; Industry Participant Interviews; Literature Review Customers: Filmmaker Photographer Hobbyist Crop farmers Mining Oil & gas Construction Military Emergency services Military Intel. agencies Border control Drone size:<25 lbs <25lbs (survey) up to 200lbs (spray) <25 lbs >25 lbs Key use cases: Aerial photography and filming Crop dusting Surveying & monitoring Land surveying Monitoring Surveillance & reconnaiss. Emergency response Search & rescue Extended high- altitude surveillance Strikes Unit price:<$2K $5K-50K (survey) >$100K (spray) $5-50K~$150K>$5M Units (2014):~600K~4K~10K~3.5K~0.5K Units (2019):~1.1M~50-100K~30-40K~4-5K~0.6K AGRICULTURE OTHER SMALL UAVLARGE UAV COMMERCIAL Direct commercial employment

32. EGNSS and remote sensing: enabling new applications for real time sensing information UAS are an up-and-coming method in providing farmers with (near) real time sensing information for precision agriculture applications such as: FieldCopter will assist the farmers by:  Providing state-of-the-art multi-spectral cameras on UAS  Delivering the right information in the right time on the right spot  Developing a complete solution for UAS sensing.  water stress monitoring  detection of nutrient deficiencies  crop diseases Already using EGNOS + remote sensing mounting in UAVs

33. GNSS reflectometry using UAS: towards new applications MISTRALE will have many applications:  Soil moisture measurement  Management of irrigation  Monitoring of flooded areas (crisis management)  Monitoring of wetland (environmental management)  Biomass mapping for forest management The first successful testing campaign concluded in July 2015  Proven technological feasibility GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) sensor embedded on a dedicated Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) platform using the GNSS reflected signature GNSS dual purpose: navigation and reflectometry

34.  Improves the efficiency of in-field and inter- field logistic activities:  Fleet management and logistics (operations management tools and the required ICT systems)  Coordination, mission and route planning functionalities for field machinery  Closed loop integrated optimal planning, execution of automated field operations and monitoring  GEOPAL product provides high accuracy  -> by using of the EGNOS system and GNSS signal  Won the prestigious medal AgriTechnica 2015: to be awarded in November (via CLAAS route-optimizing software) EGNSS and Big Data: improving logistics for European farmers GEOPAL is a (GNSS) based system useful to plan logistics in agriculture for European farmers

35. THANK YOU! QUESTIONS? GIAN-GHERARDO.CALINI@GSA.EUROPA.EU