1. Poetry

2. Imagery and Sensory Language
Imagery is created by using sensory language – words that appeal to the 5 senses, sight, hear, touch, smell, and taste.
The winter
Still stings
Clean and cold and white
In these lines from “Change,” the word white appeals to your sense of sight, while the words sting and cold appeal to your sense of touch.

3. Imagery and Sensory Language in Poetry “Fall” and “Change”
Record examples of imagery and note the sense or sense each example appeals to.
Line 3 of “Fall” describes the geese “Pulling in winter.” Think about why the poet might have chosen to use the word pulling. What image does this create in your mind? Be specific in your description.
Look back at the chart you completed as you read these poems. Note which of your 5 senses the poems appeal to most often. Which seasons in the poems seem to appeal most to the sense of touch, and which ones appeal more to the sense of sight?
Taste
Sight
Touch
Smell
Sound
“Fall”
“Change”

4. Change By: Charlotte Zolotow Fall
The summer still hangs heavy and sweet with sunlight as it did last year.
The autumn still comes showering gold and crimson as it did last year.
The winter still stings clean and cold and white as it did last year.
The spring still comes like a whisper in the dark night.
It is only I who have changed.
Fall
By: Sally Andresen Stolte
The geese flying south
In a row long and V-shaped
Pulling in winter.

5. Sound Devices The musical quality of poetry
Refrain – repetition of a word, phrase, or line
Example: It was a good song, a sad song, a sweet song
Onomatopoeia – use of words that sound like their meaning. Example: buzz, zap
Alliteration – the repetition of the same consonant sound, usually at the beginning of words
Example: magical mountain mist

6. Sound Devices in Poetry “Windshield Wiper” and “Night Journey”
As you read “Windshield Wiper” and “Night Journey,” record examples of these devices.
Take another look at the unusual way in which “Windshield Wiper” is arranged on the page. What does it mean when that space in the center disappears in lines 13 and 14?
Review your chart for sound devices, what device is used most often in each poem?
In which poem does rhyme have a more important role? Why?
Repetition and Refrain
Onomatopoeia
Alliteration
Windshield Wiper
Night Journey

8. Figurative Language Simile – compares two things using like or as
Her eyes were like green emeralds.
Metaphor – compares two things without the words like or as
Her eyes were green emeralds.
Personification – gives human qualities to things that are not human The sun smiled down on us.
Hyperbole – use of exaggeration for effect
The sun burned us to a crisp.

9. Figurative Language in Poetry “I’m Nobody. Who are You
Figurative Language in Poetry “I’m Nobody! Who are You?”, “Is the Moon Tired?”, and “Mooses”
Complete one inference chart for each poem.
What does the speaker in “I’m Nobody! Who are You?” think about the public?
Do you think the speaker in “I’m Nobody! Who are You?” means what she says about fame? Explain.
Find the metaphors used to describe the moose in lines 1 and 9 of “Mooses”. What does the metaphor in line 4 describe?
Is “Mooses” a mostly sad poem or a mostly humorous one? Support your assertion with details from the poem.
Lines in Poem
My Knowledge
Inference

12. Tone The poet’s attitude toward the subject
Described with a single word
Tone is created through word choice

13. Tone in Poetry “Good Hotdogs/Ricos hot dogs” and “Ode to an Artichoke”
Read the poems twice. First read them to understand what they are about. The second time you read, look for images and descriptions that are clues to tone. Record the clues in a chart.
Which words and phrases in “Good Hotdogs” help you taste and smell the girls’ lunch?
How is the artichoke personified? How are the other foods in the garden personified? Are any of the images of the foods humorous?
A traditional ode is a serious poem written to praise a person, an event, or something in nature in a dignified way. How is “Ode to an Artichoke” like a traditional ode? How is it different?
“Good Hotdogs”
“Ode to an Artichoke”
What is the subject of the poem?
What images stand out?
What is the tone, or the poet’s attitude toward the subject of the poem?

16. Poetry One Pager
You will use technology or paper to create a one-pager over your selected poem. In your one-pager you will creatively identify key elements that contribute to interpreting the theme of the poem. Follow the guidelines below to complete the one-pager.
Step 1: Illustrate the most powerful image that is created in your mind by the words in the poem. What do you imagine or see when you read the poem?
Step 2: Choose 5 key words from the poem and place them on your page. These words should give power and meaning to the author’s purpose. What words make the poem powerful? Include 2-3 sentences explaining why these words are important to the overall meaning of the poem.
Step 3: Choose 2 lines/phrases from the poem that you think are most important. Write sentences about the tone that is created by these lines/phrases.
Step 4: Identify one poetic device used in your poem. Write the example from the poem, what device it is, and how that device adds meaning to the tone or theme.
Step 5: Look at your image, key words, and quotations. Determine how they relate to each other. Write a theme statement that expresses the meaning of what is on your page. How do all of the items on your page create a specific theme?

17. Creating Theme statements
1. Always include the title of the literary work (including correct punctuation).
2. The theme of a work must always be written with objective wording, as a generalization. A fool-proof approach: The theme is a truth about life experience, an insight about human nature or experience. Perrine defines theme as “The central idea or unifying generalization implied or stated by a literary work.”
3. Theme statements may not contain plot summary and no direct references to specific characters or specific elements of the story. They must be universal.
4. Theme statements should not be written in first or second person.
5. A great thesis statement incorporates a reference to the title of the title of the literary work, a reference to the author, and a reference to the elements he/she uses to accomplish the theme.