1. Seminar for Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia Countries (EECCA) on Water Statistics 11-13 September 2012, Almaty, Kazakhstan J.Otgonbayar, Water agency of Mongolia J.Tserenkhand, National Statistical Office of Mongolia WATER RESOURCES AND USE IN MONGOLIA

2. Capital:Ulaanbatar city Territory: 1 564 100 km 2 Population of Mongolia: 2 754 658 as of 2010 Administrative unit: 21 provinces Population density:1.72 person/km 2 Mean annual precipitation: 250 mm General country information Mongolia is neighboring with the Russian Federation along 3543 km and with the People’s Republic of China along 4709 km.

3. According to the classification of unified land territory, territory of Mongolia is: agricultural land 73.8% or 115 490.8 land for state special needs 15.9% or 24 877.4 forest resources 9.1% or 14 260.0 water resources 0.4% or 686.8 urban area 0.4% or 667.3 land under roads 0.3% or 429.2

4. Legal Environment: Mongolian Law on Environmental protection, 2012 (amended) Mongolian Law on Water, 2012 (renewed) Mongolian Law on Statistics, 2011 Mongolian Law on Fees for use of natural resources, 2012 (new) Mongolian Law on Use of water supply and sewage system in urban and settlement areas, 2011 Mongolian Law on Prospecting and exploitation of the mineral resources within the forest and water reservoir areas, 2009 Mongolian Law on Renewable energy, 2007 Water National Programme, Resolution #24, Parliament of Mongolia, 2010 Ecological and economical value of water, Resolution #302, Parliament of Mongolia, 2011 National Programme on Safe drinking water supply, Mongolian Government Resolution #84, 2008

5. Total water resources in Mongolia are estimating 608,300 cub.km: Lakes 500 cub. km [J. Tserensodnom, 1970, 2000] Glaciers 62.9 cub. km [N. Dashdeleg, 1983] Rivers34.6 cub. km [B. Myagmarjav, 1975] Ground water10.8 cub. km [N. Jadambaa, 2003] Water resource s Territory of Mongolia belongs to 3 drainage basins. Basin name Water resources within the basins, cub.km Northern Arctic ocean16.9 Pacific ocean basin13.9 Central Asian internal basin 3.8

6. 200320072011 Lake287825663127 River449142766039 Spring811670298970 Mineral water364369265 Well 409004232434313 Surface water census As a result of the prospecting works groundwater reserves (exploitable resources 926,587.09 m 3 /day) estimated at 207 deposits as of 2010.

7. Water management With support of the Strengthening of integrated water resources management project is developing the national water resources integrated management plan and river basin water resources management plan for the Tuul-Orhon river. WWF supports the development of river basin management plans for the Khovd-Byant river and Onon river. Monitoring of water resources Surface water monitoring carries out in 134 hydrological gauging stations; groundwater regime is observing in 236 (network of state & mining companies) boreholes and permafrost observing in 13 monitoring points. Water resources and climate change Climate change projected to lead to high temperatures, glacier melting, water scarcity and desertification. Mongolia is sensitive to climate change because its geographic location and the annual mean air temperature has increased by 2.1˚C between 1940 and 2008. Hundreds of lakes, rivers and springs have dried out due to dryness. The snow cover of high mountains reduced by 30% between 1992 and 2002.

8. Water use Drinking water suppl y Water supply station 200520082010 Number of settlements thousand people Amount of water thous. м 3 Number of settlements thousand people Amount of water thous.м 3 Number of settlements thousand people Amount of water thous.м 3 Urban area Centralized system (apartment)563.947339.6551.745075.1602.147269.4 Water kiosk668.73660.9612.83355.3593.33248.4 Portable water217.61985.4324.22958.5410.43745.3 Gher & rural area Improved source/safe drinking water 222.81219.7297.1650.6361.51055.6 Unimproved sources (lake, river, stream & spring water) 889.33246.1859.61882.6780.12278.0 Total 2562.357451.72645.453922.12747.557596.8

9. Water consumption is 230-250 l/day for household living in apartments; 5-10 l/day for dwellers in the traditional gher and rural areas. 55.7% of households of gher have access to safe drinking water sources and 36,1% of households living in gher getting water from the unimproved sources both in rural and urban areas.

10. Animal husbandry water use 200620082010 Number of livestock, million34.943.332.7 Amount of water extracted, mln.m 3 71.093.276.9 Agriculture water use 20062008 2010 Cultivated land, hectares17 200.030 016.6 37 567.0 Amount of water extracted, mln.m 3 52.2883.5 98.7 Mining water use 200620082010 Amount of water extracted, mln.m 3 92.865.968.8

11. Hydropower plant nameCapacity, kWt Generated electricity mln.kWt/hour, 2011 Guulin400362 030 Monkhairkhan150- Bogd2000- Tosontsengel380644 747 Erdenebulgan200- Yench960- Durgun1200034 238 334 Taishir1100013 362 540 Tsetsen-Uul150176 512 Zavkhan-Mandal110120 423 Total2770048 904 586 Small-scale hydropower plants in Mongolia Location of hydropower plants

12. Overall water use in Mongolia, mln.m 3 /year Sector200620082010 Drinking water supply Urban 52.351.4 54.2 Rural 4.42.5 3.3 Municipal water supply Services -- 3.9 Public utilities -- 5.5 Industry Manufacturing -3.5 4.9 Construction -1.0 1.2 Thermal energy 27.635.2 33.4 Mining 92.865.9 68.8 Agriculture Animal husbandry 71.093.2 76.9 Crop farming (irrigation) 52.2883.5 98.7 Others Tourism 1.60.8 0.9 Green areas 0.2 Hydro Power Plant 80.0170.2 - TOTAL 302.18337.1 351.9

13. Transboundary water Intergovernmental agreements on the protection and use of transboundary water are: between Mongolia and the Russian Federation (1995) between Mongolia and People’s Republic of China (1994). There are about 200 rivers crossing the national border line along the Mongolian boundary with the Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China. Mongolia (upstream country) and the Russian Federation (downstream country) share the Yenisey river basin. The basin of the river Amur is shared by the Russian Federation, Mongolia and China. Transboundary aquifer system Yenisey 60.000 km 2 (Mongolia and Russia).