1. THREE FAMOUS GREEK PEOPLE

2. SOCRATES Socrates is perhaps the greatest philosopher of all ages. He lived in the 4 th century B.C. in Athens.

3. He was the first one who dealt with human life, virtue and felicity. He used to spend his time in the ancient market. He taught to poor and rich people without receiving any money.

4. “I only know that I know nothing.’’

5. Socratic method: Maieutics He pretended that he did not know anything about the subject of discussion and simply asked questions about it. His co-speaker answered his questions and through them he was led to discover the truth by himself.

6. The word “maieu-tics” comes from the word “maia’’ which means “midwife’’ in Greek. As a midwife helps a child be born, in the same way Socrates (by employing this method) helped people bring ideas into life.

7. Some of his students were Plato, Aristophanes, Xenophon and Aristotelis Plato Aristotelis Aristophanes Xenophon

8. In 399 B.C. three Athenians accused him of not respecting the Gods and of corrupting young people. Socrates defended himself with strong arguments and without being sentimental.

9. He reminded them of his contribution to the city and he explained the reasons why he should be honored and not punished. Unfortunately, he did not convince the judges and he was sentenced to death. Athens, the city that worshiped him also convicted him.

10. On the day of the execution he told his friends: “ Although the body dies the soul does not die. I want to die in silence so pray for me to have a calm journey to the other world”.

11. Consistent to the principles that he had been teaching all his life, at the age of seventy he drank the hemlock poison and peacefully waited for his death. That was the end of perhaps the wisest and fairest man. “Now it is time to go. I am dying and you will continue living. Only God knows if I will be at a better place after death than you…”

12. EL GRECO Once upon a time a great painter was born in Greece. A painter whose work would make him known worldwide as “The Greek” or … “El Greco”

13. His real name was Doménikos Theotokópoulos. He was born in 1541 in the village of Chandax in Crete at the period that the island was under venetian occupation.

14. Young Doménikos was initially trained as an icon painter, painting byzantine style icons on panel. By that time the long venetian occupation had brought new ideas and influences from the West as many of the paintings of the renaissance artists “sailed” to the island and introduced themselves to the Cretans.

15. The western elements of art blended with the eastern - byzantine ones and created a new school of art known as the “Cretan School”. By the age of twenty-two Theotokópoulos had already started working as a professional painter, and had become a master running his own workshop. He was considered a competent representative of the Cretan School.

16. He decided to leave his home country and pursue a career in Italy. He went to Venice and right after this he went to Parma, Florence and then, at last, to Rome, the “Eternal city”.

17. When he was asked to express his opinion on Michelangelo's work he said that he was a great architect and sculptor, but a horrible painter!

18. By the year 1577 Doménikos Theotokópoulos had already left Italy and was making plans for settling permanently in Spain. At fist in Madrid and later on in Toledo. It was there, in Toledo, that he created his own family when Doña Jerónima de Las Cuevas gave birth to his son, Jorge Manuel. It was also there, in Toledo, that he conceived and created some of his most known paintings and received recognition. One of his first commissions was “The disrobing of Christ” which was put in the Cathedral of the city. Jorge Manuel

19. At the last and most mature period of his life and career he managed to create his own, unique style. “I hold the imitation of color to be the greatest difficulty of art” -El Greco, from notes of the painter He tried to engage to a freedom of style. One characteristic of his unique style is that he disregarded the laws of nature by elongating his compositions and making exceptionally tall and slender figures. He also emphasized color - which he believed was the most important element of painting- as well as in the use of light in his paintings. He died on the 7 th of April, 1614.

20. GEORGE PAPANIKOLAOU 1883-1962 PAP-TEST: two words you hear every day, every moment in cytological laboratories all over the world. A code word for salvation…The surname of a prominent Greek man called Georgios Papanikolaou who won the eternal gratitude of all mankind…He was nominated for a Nobel prize in Medicine but various misfortunes deprived him of such an honour.

21. “Women, life is now in your own hands….Have a pap-test” This sentence was written some years ago on the wall of a village house in a secluded province of Oaxaca county in Mexico. In underdeveloped areas of the world, cancer of the cervix remains the most common cause of death among women who die of cancer. In developed countries however, the widespread use of Papanikolaou test, also known as Pap smear, has resulted in a reduction of the death rate up to 70%. Hundreds of thousands, perhaps even millions of women have survived over the last 50 years thanks to the Pap test

22. He was born on 13 th May 1883 in Kymi, in the island of Evia. His parents were special people. His father, Nikolas Papanikolaou, had studied medicine and philosophy and had served as deputy mayor in Kimi. His mother, Maria Kritsouta was loved by everyone in Kimi for her kindness and refined spirit. He had a happy childhood in a warm and peaceful family environment.

23. In 1898, at the age of 15 he was admitted to the Medical School of the University of Athens. Not only Medicine intrigued him though. He had a deep interest in philosophy, in art, in politics, in European intelligentsia, in the study of the simple form of the Greek language (demotic), in nature and Romanticism. But his greatest passion was the violin, which he studied for 8 years, classical music as well as chamber music. In 1904, at the age of 21 he received his medical degree with honors.

24. He then went to Germany where he was a student of Chekel Ernst (theory of evolution) for 6 months and Agust Weissman (theory of heredity) for another 6 months. In Munich he did some research in zoology. When he returned to Greece, he met Andromahi Mavrogenous, a descendant of Manto Mavrogenous, whom he married in 1910.

25. When he was 30, he and his wife went to New York City. There he was employed by a hospital and by a medical college where his wife was his assistant. Over the 47 years that followed he worked in this context. Initially he did experiments on guinea pigs about the effects of alcohol and genetic sex determination.

26. He wondered if it would be possible to determine the phase of a woman’s cycle by examining material (coating) from the vagina of the uterus. The first microscopical analysis of vaginal smears revealed a variety of cell types that help in the study of the cycle. Nobody had studied these cells until then (1917).

27. Then he began to deepen his study in vaginal smears. The first Pap tests were performed on his wife Andromahi Papanikolaou. In 1925, in collaboration with Women's Hospital, he began to study material taken from other women. He was the first to observe the tumor cells in a woman with uterine cancer. That was the most exciting experience of his scientific career.

28. Since October 1939 all women that were admitted in the gynaecological clinic of the New York Hospital could have a Pap test if they wanted to. Papanikolaou examined all cervical smears under the microscope. The results were shocking! By using this method a significant number of asymptomatic uterine cancers were revealed. He continued his research until shortly before his death. He died on 19th February 1962 at the age of 78. The contribution of Georgios Papanikolaou in medical science is monumental. He was a tireless researcher, a true genius.

29. E1, E2 and F1 classes worked on this presentation. Teachers: Vaso Roditi, Keli Karmiri, Maria Geronikolou, Eleftheria Kasoumi, Vasilis Brekas