1. Methods used by Psychodynamic Approach Explain and evaluate the methodology used by the Psychodynamic approach (12 marks) Diff. Learning: see going further on your hand out

2. No hand out Having already covered this question, make your own notes for this area

3. Spec check

4. Marking guide (read for meaning)

5. Today we will describe and evaluate clinical interviews used in case studies Every Child Matters

6. Must link to the assumptions for a Grade A answer White boards the 3 assumptions of the psychodynamic approach are; Role play Id Ego Super Ego

7. CASE STUDY

8. A case study is … Focusing on one person in great detail

9. What do you think? Is this qualitative or quantitative data Is this an ideographic or nomothetic approach? Qualitative Idiographic Diff.learning: are these strengths or weaknesses?

10. Case studies involve studying one person in great detail Freud used case studies in his research – Who and why? Little Hans & Oedipus complex

11. Your task in pairs http://www.simplypsychology. org/little-hans.html In pairs read the account of Little Hans and identify two strengths and two weaknesses of this methodology Hint: type of data, NNURDS Diff learning/ application of understanding Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim) http://www.freud2 lacan.com/docs/a nna_o.pdf

12. Review your work Add to your strengths and weaknesses Strengths E.g. a true insight behaviour can be obtained by spending time with the person compared to the ‘snap shot’ produced by a lab experiment Qualitative data Ideographic Weaknesses e.g. as case studies relate to a single instance, it is not possible to generalise to other people Not Quantitative data so no statistics Subjective Diff.learning: who were Freud’s sample?

13. Subjective examples Little Hans Interpretation (Brown, 1965) Brown (1965) examines the case in detail and provides the following support for Freud's interpretation. 1. In one instance, Hans said to his father –“Daddy don't trot away from me” as he got up from the table. 2. Hans particularly feared horses with black around the mouth. Han's father had a moustache. 3. Hans feared horses with blinkers on. Freud noted that the father wore spectacles which he took to resemble blinkers to the child. 4. The father's skin resembled white horses rather than dark ones. In fact, Hans said, "Daddy, you are so lovely. You are so white". 5. The father and child had often played at 'horses' together. During the game the father would take the role of horse, the son that of the rider.

14. Evaluation Strengths True insight Qualitative data Idiographic-unique Weaknesses Generalsiability Subjective Representative sample How will you remember this? Which will you remember? In pairs test in two minutes

15. White boards Strengths True insight Qualitative data Ideographic-unique Weaknesses Generalsiability Subjective Representative sample

16. Pause

17. Case study is … Advantage of a case study is … Disadvantage of a case study is … Advantage of a case study is … Disadvantage of a case study is … Advantage of a case study is …

18. How do psychodynamic psychologists gain their information? Clinical interviews

19. Clinical Interviews are… Used by psychotherapists where the client is encouraged to talk about his or her past emotions How does this link to Freud’s therapy?

20. Freud used clinical interviews as a means of making a diagnosis of his patients in dream analysis and free association

21. Using the free association cards in pairs carry out a clinical interview of each other make very brief notes about you ‘patient’ Whilst doing this think about the advantages and disadvantages of clinical interviews Hint: scientific?

22. Feed back to group StrengthsWeaknesses

23. + relationships Give each other a non threatening, non- sexual friendly HUG Good relationships between the therapist and the client means the client is more likely to open up and be honest about their emotions

24. + non-verbal behaviour Make a non-threatening or rude gesture to each other Clinical interviews allow the therapist to tap into both verbal and non-verbal body language

25. + rich QUALITATIVE data Make a gesture to mean QUALITY data Facilitates a deeper understanding of the reasons behind a persons behaviour

26. Learning check Make your three gestures Explain them to the person sitting next to you

27. Weaknesses What do you think?

28. - Generalisability The qualitative data makes it very difficult to produce trends and so generalise what is found to others Generalisability gesture?

29. - Interviewer bias A therapist may be very keen to guide the interview as they ‘see fit’ and interpret the clients answers in a way that supports a particular hypothesis/ theory Gesture for interviewer bias

31. Learning check Make your five gestures Explain them to the person sitting next to you

32. Write your answer Bullet points x 12 Homework Remember NNURDS

35. Pause Aims and objectives: Explain and evaluate (two) types of methodology used by the Psychodynamic approach (12 marks)

36. Gestures as you leave!