1. PROGRESSIVISM AND THE REPUBLICAN ROOSEVELT Chapter 28 American Pageant, 13 th ed.

2. PROGRESSIVE ROOTS By 1900 America was faced with social problems that had been mounting for 30 years but had not been affectively addressed. The nation was gripped by a reform movement called Progressivism. Biggest period of reform since the 1840s. Waged war on many social evils including: monopolies, corruption in government, inefficiency, social injustice and irresponsible corporations

3. P ROGRESSIVISM The heart of progressive movement: Belief that government should be strengthened so that it could act aggressively to tackle social ills Government could be an instrument of positive good Basic prescription: use government as an agency of human welfare A rejection of laissez-faire

4. R OOTS OF P ROGRESSIVISM Pressure came from a number of different groups: Socialists from Europe—start to gain strength in US Christians preaching Social Gospel—focused on the needs of the poor and the workers at the mercy of corporations Feminists—suffrage movement included social justice in their call for reform because women were often those who suffered the most Urban pioneers exposing corruption of cities and working conditions of children and women

5. M UCKRAKERS Magazines and Newspapers began to compete with each other to expose evil and corruption TR coins term muckrakers Lincoln Steffens— Shame in the Cities (big business & municipal government) Ida Tarbell —expose of Standard Oil David Phillips—The Treason of the Senate (Senators represent railroads & trusts)

6. G OALS OF M UCKRAKERS Was out-pouring of national criticism and exposure of ways in which the system was broken Articles had a profound impact on the nation Like progressives in general, these articles were long on complaint but short on solutions

7. M UCKRAKING T ARGETS Malpractice of life insurance company tariff lobbies beef trust money trust railroad barons White slave traffic in women Slums High rate of industrial accidents Child labor Plight of blacks in the South

8. G OALS OF P ROGRESSIVES Regain the power that had slipped from the hands of the people into the hands of the special interest. Thus, pushed for: Primary elections Initiatives – voter proposed legislation Referendum – laws on ballot for final approval Recalls - allowing voters to remove candidates who were screwing up Another objective was rooting out corruption corrupt practices acts – limited campaign finances secret ballot direct election of US senators 17th Amendment Woman’s suffrage

9. P ROGRESSIVISM I N T HE C ITIES A ND S TATES Progressives scored their biggest victories at the state and city levels City commission form of government -Galveston Texas Wisconsin a test lab for progressive proposals Gov. Robert La Follette Oregon, California & New York followed suit

10. P ROGRESSIVE W OMEN Settlement House movement Social Clubs “Women’s issues” Sweat shops Muller v. Oregon – laws protect women workers too Lochner v. New York – 10 hour workday for all Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire

11. T EMPERANCE M OVEMENT Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Frances Willard led 1 million members Some states and counties passed laws controlling, restricting or banning liquor The big cities generally stay wet

12. TR’ S S QUARE D EAL F OR L ABOR Roosevelt is a progressive Demanded a “Square Deal” for capital, labor and the public Believed the government should uphold the public interests He pushed control of three Cs: corporations consumer protection conservation of natural resources Intervened in the coal strike of 1902: showed government can help the people Department of Commerce and Labor 1903 Bureau of Corporations

13. TR C ORRALS T HE C ORPORATIONS RR monster still largely untouched Interstate Commerce Commission was largely ineffective TR & Congress took on railroads & trusts together Gave Interstate Commerce Commission teeth to impose restrictions

15. TR T RUST B USTING Northern Securities Company Railroad holding company held by J.P. Morgan – had monopoly in Northwest TR with help of Supreme Court dissolved NSC and others Proved that government had power over business

16. C ARING F OR T HE C ONSUMER TR backed legislation protecting against adulterated and mislabeled food 1906 Upton Sinclair The Jungle Meat Inspection Act of 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

17. R OOSEVELT AND C ONSERVATION

18. E ARTH C ONTROL Americans using up natural resources Corporations hungry to exploit resources Conservation and naturalist movement started before TR president, but TR gave the movement a huge kick in the pants Set aside vast tracts of forests to prevent logging on it Banned Christmas trees from the White House Protected coal mines

19. R OOSEVELT E MBOLDENS E NEMIES Roosevelt is easily elected in his own right in 1904 TR’s big mistake: announces that he will not run for a “third” term. makes him a lame duck

20. R OOSEVELT P ANIC O F 1907 Sharp but short-lived panic on Wall Street in 1907 Speculation ends in run on banks Currency in short supply Conservatives blame TR – too much government intervention Aldrich-Vreeland Act National banks can issue emergency currency if needed; sets the stage for Federal Reserve Act of 1913

21. T HE R OUGH R IDER T HUNDERS O UT TR used his political clout to engineer nomination of William H. Taft in 1908 Taft platform were TR’s policies Dems nominate William Jennings Bryan Taft wins easily Socialists manage nearly a half-million votes

22. C ONTRIBUTIONS OF TR Enlarged the power and prestige of the presidency Began the process of taming capitalism ensuring that it would survive rather than being replaced Developed technique of using publicity as a political weapon Helped shape the progressive movement and to lay the ground- work for later liberal reforms Opened Americans, eyes to world affairs and America’s role and potential influence on world events

23. T AFT : A R OUND P EG I N A S QUARE H OLE Taft was initially very popular Taft was passive with no jovial personality like TR Poor judge of public opinion Foot-in-mouth disease (a little too honest)

24. D OLLAR D IPLOMACY Extra dollars can go to foreign investments where the US has a stake in country’s success Success for them=success for US Leads to investment in Caribbean Causes US entanglement in these countries US Marines land in Cuba, Nicaragua, Honduras and the Dominican Republic to restore order and to protect US investments Continues the distrust of Caribbean and Central American countries toward US

25. T AFT T HE T RUSTBUSTER Taft brought antitrust suits at nearly four times the rate of TR; 90 in his 4-year term Supreme Court decision in Standard Oil case Dissolution of company Said company restricted trade & violated Sherman anti- trust act Taft also went after US Steel Angered TR because he liked US Steel

26. TR B USTS T AFT TR increasingly annoyed with Taft TR expected and wanted Taft to be progressive in his mold TR was not ready to leave the stage TR moving from Taft’s mentor to his antagonist The progressive wing longed for the return of TR

27. T AFT S PLITS T HE R EPUBLICAN P ARTY Lower tariff one of the primary progressive aims; protective tariff viewed as the mother of all Trusts Payne-Aldrich Bill passed Taft: the “best bill ever passed by the party” Increased tariffs on many items Taft relieves Gifford Pinchot of duties as chief of Agriculture because he spoke up about opening lands in West to corporate development

28. R EPUBLICAN S PLIT By 1910 the progressive wing of Republican party moved into open revolt Taft being pushed into the camp of the conservatives Osawatomie, Kansas, speech Doctrine of “New Nationalism” or increased government power Mid-term elections showed Democratic gain

29. T HE T AFT -R OOSEVELT R UPTURE National Progressive Republican League; LaFollette at the head TR lets it be known that he will accept a third term if nominated by Republicans He seizes the progressive banner Wins a number of the new primaries TR is more popular with voters, but doesn’t win the nomination because Taft was more conservative Roosevelt is outraged & forms the Bull Moose Party

30. C ITATION Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt. (2001). Retrieved on February 13, 2011 from www.theindependentschool.com/cms- assets/.../3840-576790.ch28. pptwww.theindependentschool.com/cms- assets/.../3840-576790.ch28. ppt Images http://rkijewski.edublogs.org/ http://eslnotepad.blogspot.com/2010/04/ida-tarbell-reporter-who- took-on.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/theodore-roosevelts-square- deal.html http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/walter.sargent/public.www/web%201 04/week%205_104_08.htm