1. Chapter 28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901-1912

2.  Progressive Roots  What other movements did the progressive movement relate to?  What did progressive theorists insist on?  What did Henry Demarest Lloyd and Thorstein Veblen write about?  Describe the content of How the Other Half Lives.  Who else supported the progressive movement?  Raking Muck with the Muckrakers  What was the purpose of “muckraking” magazines?  How did the public feel about muckraking stories?  What did Lincoln Steffens and Ida M. Tarbell write about?  What were the targets of muckrakers?  What was “The Treason of the Senate” about and how was the piece received?  What were some of the social evils addressed by muckrakeers?  How did muckrakers feel about capitalism and democracy?

3.  Political Progressivism  From what class were progressive reformers?  What were the two goals of the progressives?  What were the four ways progressives tried to get the power back in the hands of the people?  How did progressives attempt to eliminate graft in government?  How did progressives impact the election of US senators?  What gains did suffragists make during this time period?  Progressivism in the Cities and States  Progressives made many gains in cities. How did the gains help demonstrate what some progressives valued?  What other issues did urban reforms attack?  Who was Robert La Follette and what did he do?  What did Hiram W. Johnson and Charles Evans Hughes do for their states?

4.  Progressive Women  What was a crucial focus for women progressives?  What was the women’s club movement and why was it significant?  How did women defend their work in the progressive movement?  In what ways did women become involved in federal bureaucracy?  Who was Florence Kelley and what did she fight for?  What was the outcome of the Muller v. Oregon case?  Who did female activism most impact?  What was the outcome of the Lochner v. New York case?  What happened at the triangle shirtwaist factory and how did it impact New York law and eventually other states as well?  What was alcohol connected to in the early 1900s?  What was the WCTU and what did they fight for?  Prior to prohibition, what areas were typically “dry” and what areas were “wet”?  What was the 18 th amendment?

5.  TR’s Square Deal for Labor  What was the purpose of the Square Deal?  What were the three C’s?  What were coal miners fighting for in Pennsylvania in 1902?  How did mine owners respond to the coal miners strike?  What did Roosevelt threaten to do to the mine owners and why was this significant?  What was the outcome of the coal miners strike?  The Department of Commerce and Labor was created in 1903 and an important arm was the Bureau of Corporations. What was the Bureau able to do?  TR Corrals the Corporations  In what ways was the Interstate Commerce Commission inadequate?  What did the Elkins Act of 1903 do?  What did the Hepburn Act of 1906 do?  Roosevelt had a certain belief about trusts. What was this belief?  What was Roosevelt’s first trustbusting target?  What was the outcome of The Northern Securities decision?  What kinds trusts did Roosevelt attempt to bust?  Roosevelt didn’t believe that trustbusting was a sound economic policy, why?  What was Roosevelt’s real purpose in taking on the trusts?  How did Roosevelt prove that he was actually a friend of big business?

6.  Caring for the Consumer  What was happening in Europe regarding American meat?  What did Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle discuss?  How did Roosevelt respond to The Jungle?  What did the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 state?  What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?  Earth Control  Previously, how had Americans, specifically frontier people, treated the land?  What was the purpose of the Desert Act of 1877?  What was the purpose of the Forest Reserve Act of 1891?  What was the purpose of the Carey Act of 1894?  How did conservationism change when Roosevelt came to the presidency?  Who was Gifford Pinchot?  Why did Roosevelt pass the Newlands Act of 1902 and how did it impact the environment?  How much land did Roosevelt set aside for federal reserves?  In what three ways did the public show their interest in conservationism?  What happened in the Hetch Hetchy Valley?  What is the difference between preservationists and conservationists?  What was Roosevelt’s policy towards conservation?  How did western’s take advantage of the Forest Service and the Bureau of Reclamation?

7.  The “Roosevelt Panic” of 1907  What did Roosevelt call for in his second term and how did conservatives feel about it?  What did Roosevelt announce in 1904 and how did it impact his presidency?  What happened in 1907 in relation to the economy?  What did Roosevelt’s critics say in relation to the financial panic?  What were the effects of the Panic of 1907?  What did the Aldrich-Vreeland Act say?  The Rough Rider Thunders Out  Why didn’t Roosevelt run for a third term?  Why did he choose Taft and what was the platform?  Who was the democratic candidate and what was his platform?  Who won the election and what surprises happened during the election?  How was Roosevelt seen by his adversaries and why was this not necessarily a true?  What were Roosevelt’s major beliefs and what was his most lasting achievement?  What three major lasting impacts did TR have on American government and policy?

8.  Taft: A Round Peg in a Square Hole  Why did Taft first inspire confidence?  What were Taft’s political handicaps?  How did Taft feel about progressivism?  The Dollar Goes Abroad as a Diplomat  Describe the concept of “dollar diplomacy”.  What was Taft and Knox’s plan for dollar diplomacy in Manchuria? Why wasn’t the plan successful?  What was happening in the Caribbean during this time and how did Taft deal with the issue?  What happened in Central America that called for US intervention?

9.  Taft the Trustbuster  How many suits against trusts did Taft bring during his four years as president?  What happened to Standard Oil in 1911?  Describe the “rule of reason.”  Why was Roosevelt infuriated when Taft tried to bust the U.S. Steel Corporation?  Taft Splits the Republican Party  Who wanted to reduce the tariffs and what was Taft’s stance?  Describe the Payne-Aldrich Bill and why did it anger some republicans?  How did Taft feel about the environment?  Why did Taft dismiss Pinchot and how did the public and Roosevelt feel about his decision?  What faction of the Republican party supported Taft?  Describe Roosevelt’s concept of “New Nationalism”.  How did the Republicans fare in the congressional elections of 1910 and why?

10.  The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture  Why was the National Progressive Republican League formed in 1911?  Who was the leader of the NPRL?  Why did Roosevelt attempt to run for president again and under what reasoning?  What party did Roosevelt take over?  Why did Taft triumph over Roosevelt and the Republican convention of 1912?  How did Roosevelt respond to this defeat?