1. NORTRIP Kick off: NILU contribution and discussion Bruce Denby

2. Contents NILU interests o Background o Activities o Projects NILU contributions o Monitoring data o Modelling NILU expectations

3. NILU interests Anything bigger than a molecule (nm) and smaller than a fine grain of sand ( 1/10 mm) that is suspended in the air PM 2.5 : Particles < 2.5  m PM 10 : Particles < 10  m

4. NILU interests: Background Several cities in Norway are affected by road dust o > 25% studded tyres o Salting activities o Road authorities do not want to reduce studded tyres In Oslo various measures seem to be effective o Environmental speed limit o Road cleaning o Prohibitive salting (MgCl 2 )

5. NILU interests: Background Carried out some campaigns o RV4 ‘hastighet’ project o Nordby Sletta ‘Afstand’ project o Earlier road dust loading measurements Carried out some modelling o Tønneson model applied in AirQUIS o Generalised road wear and mass balance model (Berger, 2010) Carried out some source apportionment o Dataset used in SRIMPART

6. Chemical profiles and receptor modelling Road side PM 10 receptor modelling near Aker hospital Winter 2005Winter 2004

7. Chemical profiles and receptor modelling From Laupsa et al. (2007) Road side PM 10 receptor modelling near Aker hospital 30% of PM 10 road dust emissions are due to salting

8. Dispersion modelling From Laupsa et al. (2007) Winter time road side PM 10 modelling near Aker hospital

9. NILU interests: Current activities Development of a model for resuspension that can be used more generally, also for air quality planning purposes o Berger (2010) Monitoring campaigns that provide improved information on: o The effect of road surface conditions on resuspension o The contribution of salt to resuspended PM o Relating road wear directly to emissions

10. NILU interests: Current projects TRANSPHORM (EU FP7): Health impact of transport emissions of PM o Source apportionment (ESCAPE filter samples) o Non-exhaust emissions o Modelling of particle numbers (exhaust) o Applications to health C-R relationships o Application to policy o www.transphorm.eu www.transphorm.eu Possible monitoring campaign: o 8 M NNOK, funding by KLIF o Too expensive for Norway o Relating road wear directly to emissions

11. NILU data: RV4 o Used in SRIMPART for SA o 80 analysed PM10 and PM2.5 filter samples Nordby Sletta o 3 distance from the road + background o PM10, NOX and meteorology measure Operational data o Several traffic stations monitoring over many years o Recent statistical analysis by Norsk Regnesentral Road surface conditions o Measured by Veg Vessen (surface temperature and wetness) o Not so useful as hoped

12. NR statistical analysis

13. NILU expectations: Learn and improve o Pooling and sharing of knowledge out of common interest o Exchange of opinions (what’s not in an article) Access to other data sets o More data always provides more insight or questions o Comparability Operational Nordic road dust model o Applicable over a wide range of conditions o Applicable for air quality planning activities (does not exist) Possibility to organise a European workshop on non-exhuast emissions?

14. What are the sources? Pollen Fungal spores Vulcanoes Wind blown dust Forest fires Sea salt Secondary aerosols Traffic exhaust Road, break and tire wear Road salting Wood burning Industry Shipping Agriculture Building Secondary aerosols

15. What does it look like? Pollen Volcanic Salt Wood burning Exhaust